1. Uyini umgomo oyinhloko wokusebenza aiphampu ye-centrifugal?
I-motor ishayela i-impeller ukuthi ijikeleze ngesivinini esikhulu, okwenza uketshezi lukhiqize amandla aphakathi. Ngenxa yamandla e-centrifugal, uketshezi luphonswa kushaneli eseceleni futhi lukhishwe empompini, noma lungene ku-impeller elandelayo, ngaleyo ndlela lwehlise ukucindezela endaweni yokufaka impeller, futhi lwenza umehluko wengcindezi ngomfutho osebenza oketshezini olumuncayo. Umehluko wengcindezi usebenza kupompo yokumunca uketshezi. Ngenxa yokujikeleza okuqhubekayo kwephampu ye-centrifugal, uketshezi lumuncwa ngokuqhubekayo noma lukhishwe.
2. Iyini imisebenzi yamafutha okugcoba (amafutha)?
Ukugcoba nokupholisa, ukushaywa, ukuvala, ukunciphisa ukudlidliza, ukuvikela, nokuthulula.
3. Yimaphi amazinga amathathu okuhlunga okufanele amafutha okugcoba adlule kuwo ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa?
Izinga lokuqala: phakathi komgqomo wokuqala wamafutha okugcoba kanye nomgqomo omisiwe;
Izinga lesibili: phakathi komgqomo kawoyela ongashintshi kanye nebhodwe lamafutha;
Izinga lesithathu: phakathi kwebhodwe lamafutha nendawo yokufaka amafutha.
4. Kuyini "izinqumo ezinhlanu" zokugcotshwa kwemishini?
Iphoyinti eligxilile: faka amafutha endaweni ecacisiwe;
Isikhathi: gcwalisa izingxenye zokugcoba ngesikhathi esibekiwe futhi ushintshe uwoyela njalo;
Ubuningi: faka uphethiloli ngokwenani elisetshenziswayo;
Ikhwalithi: khetha amafutha okugcoba ahlukene ngokuvumelana namamodeli ahlukene futhi ugcine izinga likawoyela lifanelekile;
Umuntu oshiwo: ingxenye ngayinye yokufaka amafutha kufanele ibe nesibopho somuntu ozinikele.
5. Yiziphi izingozi zamanzi kuwoyela wokugcoba wepompo?
Amanzi anganciphisa i-viscosity yamafutha okugcoba, enze buthaka amandla efilimu kawoyela, futhi anciphise umphumela wokugcoba.
Amanzi azoqina ngaphansi kuka-0℃, okuthinta kakhulu uketshezi lwezinga lokushisa eliphansi lamafutha okugcoba.
Amanzi angasheshisa ukufakwa kwe-oxidation kawoyela wokugcoba futhi akhuthaze ukugqwala kwama-acid aphilayo angama-molecule aphansi abe yizinsimbi.
Amanzi azokwandisa ukukhiya kwamafutha okugcoba futhi enze kube lula ngamafutha okugcoba ukukhiqiza igwebu.
Amanzi azokwenza izingxenye zensimbi zigqwale.
6. Kuyini okuqukethwe ukugcinwa kwephampu?
Sebenzisa ngokungathí sina uhlelo lokubophezeleka emsebenzini kanye nokugcinwa kwemishini kanye neminye imithetho neziqondiso.
Ukugcotshwa kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo kufanele kufeze "izimiso ezinhlanu" kanye "nokuhlunga okunezinga ezintathu", futhi okokusebenza kokugcoba kufanele kuphelele futhi kuhlanzeke.
Amathuluzi okunakekela, izinsiza zokuphepha, izinto zokucisha umlilo, njll. ziphelele futhi ziphelele futhi zibekwe ngobunono.
7. Yiziphi izindinganiso ezivamile zokuvuza kwe-shaft seal?
Ukupakisha uphawu: ngaphansi kwamaconsi angama-20/min kawoyela okhanyayo futhi ngaphansi kwamaconsi ayi-10/min kawoyela osindayo
Mechanical seal: ngaphansi kwamaconsi ayi-10/min wamafutha alula futhi angaphansi kwamaconsi ama-5/min kawoyela osindayo
8. Yini okufanele yenziwe ngaphambi kokuqala iphampu ye-centrifugal?
Hlola ukuthi umzimba wepompo namapayipi aphumayo, ama-valve, nama-flange aqinisiwe yini, ukuthi ama-engeli aphansi akhululekile yini, ukuthi i-coupling (isondo) ixhunyiwe yini, nokuthi igeji yokucindezela kanye ne-thermometer kuyazwela futhi kulula ukukusebenzisa.
Guqula isondo izikhathi ezingu-2~3 ukuze uhlole ukuthi ingabe ukuzungezisa kuyavumelana nezimo nokuthi ingabe ukhona yini umsindo ongajwayelekile.
Hlola ukuthi ikhwalithi yamafutha okugcoba ifanelekile yini nokuthi umthamo kawoyela ugcinwa phakathi kuka-1/3 no-1/2 wefasitela.
Vula i-valve yokungena bese uvala i-valve yokuphuma, vula i-valve yegeji ye-pressure gauge kanye nama-valve amanzi okupholisa ahlukahlukene, ama-valve kawoyela ashaywayo, njll.
Ngaphambi kokuqala, iphampu ehambisa uwoyela oshisayo kumele ishiswe ngaphambili ibe ngumehluko wokushisa ongu-40~60℃ nezinga lokushisa lokusebenza. Izinga lokushisa akufanele lidlule ku-50 ℃ / ihora, futhi izinga lokushisa eliphezulu akufanele lidlule ku-40 ℃ wezinga lokushisa lokusebenza.
Xhumana nosebenza ngogesi ukuze akunikeze amandla.
Ezinjini ezingaqhumeki, qalisa ifeni noma faka umoya oshisayo ovikela ukuqhuma ukuze uphephethe igesi evutha umlilo empompini.
9. Ungashintsha kanjani iphampu ye-centrifugal?
Okokuqala, wonke amalungiselelo ngaphambi kokuqala ipompo kufanele kwenziwe, njengokushisa ipompo. Ngokuhambisana nokugeleza kokuphuma kwephampu, okwamanje, ingcindezi, izinga le-liquid kanye neminye imingcele ehlobene, umgomo ukuqala iphampu yokulinda kuqala, ulinde zonke izingxenye zibe ezivamile, futhi ngemva kokuvela kwengcindezi, vula kancane i-valve yokuphuma, futhi vala kancane kancane i-valve yokuphuma yepompo eshintshiwe kuze kube yilapho ivalvu yokuphuma yepompo eshintshwayo ivaleka ngokuphelele, futhi umise iphampu eshintshwayo, kodwa ukushintshashintsha kwamapharamitha njengokugeleza okubangelwa ukushintsha kufanele kuncishiswe.
10. Kungani bengakwaziiphampu ye-centrifugalqala lapho i-disc inganyakazi?
Uma i-disc yepompo ye-centrifugal inganyakazi, kusho ukuthi kukhona iphutha ngaphakathi kwepompo. Leli phutha kungenzeka ukuthi i-impeller ibambekile noma i-shaft yepompo igotshwe kakhulu, noma izingxenye eziguqukayo nezimile zepompo zigqwalile, noma ukucindezela ngaphakathi kwepompo kuphezulu kakhulu. Uma i-disc yepompo inganyakazi futhi iphoqeleka ukuba iqale, amandla e-motor anamandla ashayela i-pump shaft ukuze ijikeleze ngamandla, okuzodala umonakalo ezingxenyeni zangaphakathi, njengokuphuka kwe-pump shaft, ukusonteka, ukuchotshozwa kwe-impeller, ukushisa ikhoyili yemoto, kanye kungase futhi kubangele injini ukuba ihambe futhi iqale ukwehluleka.
11. Iyini indima yamafutha okuvalwa?
Ukupholisa izingxenye zokubeka uphawu; ukungqubuzana kokugcoba; ukuvimbela ukulimala kwe-vacuum.
12. Kungani iphampu yokulinda kufanele ijikeleziswa njalo?
Kunemisebenzi emithathu ye-cranking evamile: ukuvimbela isikali ukuthi singabambeki epompo; ukuvimbela i-pump shaft ukuthi ingaguquki; i-cranking ingase futhi ilethe amafutha okugcoba ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zokugcoba ukuze kuvinjwe i-shaft ukuthi ingagqwali. Ama-bearings agcotshiwe asiza ekuqaliseni ngokushesha esimweni esiphuthumayo.
13. Kungani ipompo lamafutha ashisayo kufanele lishiswe ngaphambi kokuqala?
Uma iphampu yamafutha ashisayo iqalwa ngaphandle kokushisa, amafutha ashisayo azongena ngokushesha emzimbeni wepompo obandayo, okubangela ukushisa okungalingani komzimba wepompo, ukwanda okukhulu okushisayo kwengxenye engenhla yomzimba wepompo kanye nokwandiswa okuncane kokushisa kwengxenye engezansi, okubangela i-pump shaft ukuthi igobe, noma ibangele indandatho yomlomo emzimbeni wepompo kanye nophawu lwe-rotor ukuthi lubhajwe; ukuqala ngenkani kuzodala izingozi zokuguga, ukunamathela ku-shaft, kanye nokuphuka kwe-shaft.
Uma uwoyela we-viscosity ephezulu engashiswanga ngaphambili, uwoyela uzoncipha emzimbeni wepompo, okubangela ukuthi iphampu ingakwazi ukugeleza ngemuva kokuqala, noma i-motor izohamba ngenxa ye-torque enkulu yokuqala.
Ngenxa yokushisa kwangaphambili okunganele, ukunwetshwa kokushisa kwezingxenye ezihlukahlukene zephampu ngeke kulingane, okubangele ukuvuza kwamaphoyinti okuvala amile. Okufana nokuvuza kwama-flange okuphumayo nama-inlet, ama-flange ekhava yomzimba wephampu, namapayipi okulinganisa, ngisho nemililo, ukuqhuma nezinye izingozi ezimbi.
14. Yini okufanele inakwe lapho kushisa ipompo yamafutha ashisayo?
Inqubo yokushisa kuqala kufanele ilungile. Inqubo evamile ithi: iphayiphi lephampu → indawo engenelayo nephumayo yomugqa onqamulayo → umugqa wokushisa kuqala → umzimba wephampu → indawo yephampu.
I-valve yokushisisa ayikwazi ukuvulwa kakhulu ukuze kuvinjwe iphampu ukuthi ihlehle.
Isivinini sokushisa kwangaphambili somzimba wephampu akufanele sisheshe kakhulu futhi kufanele sibe ngaphansi kuka-50℃/h. Ezimweni ezikhethekile, isivinini sokushisa singasheshiswa ngokunikeza umusi, amanzi ashisayo nezinye izinyathelo emzimbeni wepompo.
Ngesikhathi sokushisa kwangaphambili, iphampu kufanele izungeziswe ngo-180° njalo ngemva kwemizuzu engu-30–40 ukuze kuvinjwe i-shaft yepompo ukuthi ingagobi ngenxa yokushisa okungalingani phezulu naphansi.
Uhlelo lwamanzi okupholisa lwebhokisi lokuthwala kanye nesihlalo sepompo kufanele luvulwe ukuze kuvikelwe ama-bearings nama-shaft seals.
15. Yini okufanele inakwe ngemva kokumiswa kwepompo yamafutha ashisayo?
Amanzi okupholisa ingxenye ngayinye awakwazi ukumiswa ngokushesha. Amanzi okupholisa angamiswa kuphela lapho izinga lokushisa lengxenye ngayinye lehla liye ezingeni lokushisa elivamile.
Kunqatshelwe ngokuphelele ukugeza umzimba wepompo ngamanzi abandayo ukuvimbela umzimba wepompo ukuthi uphole ngokushesha futhi ukhubaze umzimba wepompo.
Vala i-valve yokuphuma, i-valve yokungena, namavalvu axhumayo angenisayo naphumayo epompo.
Vula iphampu ngo-180° njalo ngemizuzu eyi-15 ukuya kwengama-30 kuze kube yilapho izinga lokushisa lepompo lehla ngaphansi kuka-100°C.
16. Yiziphi izizathu zokushisisa okungavamile kwamaphampu e-centrifugal asebenzayo?
Ukushisa kuwukubonakaliswa kwamandla emishini aguqulwa abe amandla ashisayo. Izizathu ezijwayelekile zokushisisa okungavamile kwamaphampu yilezi:
Ukushisa okuhambisana nomsindo ngokuvamile kubangelwa ukulimala kohlaka lokuhlukanisa ibhola elithwele.
Umkhono wokuthwala ebhokisini ukhululekile, futhi izindlala zangaphambili nezangemuva zikhululekile, okubangela ukushisa ngenxa yokungqubuzana.
Imbobo yokuthwala inkulu kakhulu, okwenza ukuba iringi yangaphandle yebheyili ixege.
Kukhona izinto zangaphandle emzimbeni wephampu.
I-rotor idlidliza ngamandla, okwenza indandatho yokuvala igqoke.
Iphampu iyakhishwa noma umthwalo epompo mkhulu kakhulu.
I-rotor ayilingani.
Amafutha okugcoba amaningi kakhulu noma amancane kakhulu kanye nekhwalithi kawoyela ayifanelekile.
17. Yiziphi izizathu zokudlidliza kwamaphampu asecentrifugal?
I-rotor ayilingani.
I-pump shaft kanye ne-motor akuqondile, futhi indandatho yerabha yamasondo iyaguga.
Iringi yokufaka noma yokuvala igqokwa kakhulu, yenze i-rotor eccentricity.
Iphampu iyakhishwa noma kunegesi empompini.
Ingcindezi yokumunca iphansi kakhulu, okwenza uketshezi luhwamuke noma lucishe luhwamuke.
I-axial thrust iyanda, okwenza i-shaft ibe yintambo.
Ukugcoba okungalungile kwama-bearings nokupakisha, ukugqoka ngokweqile.
Ama-bearings agugile noma awonakele.
I-Impeller ivinjwe kancane noma amapayipi asizayo angaphandle ayadlidliza.
Amafutha okugcoba amaningi kakhulu noma amancane kakhulu (amafutha).
Ukuqina kwesisekelo sepompo akwanele, futhi ama-bolts akhululekile.
18. Yiziphi izindinganiso zokudlidliza kwepompo ye-centrifugal kanye nezinga lokushisa elithwalayo?
Izindinganiso zokudlidliza zamaphampu amaphakathi yilawa:
Ijubane lingaphansi kuka-1500vpm, futhi ukudlidliza kungaphansi kuka-0.09mm.
Ijubane ngu-1500 ~ 3000vpm, futhi ukudlidliza kungaphansi kuka-0.06mm.
Izinga lokushisa elithwalayo lithi: ama-sliding bearings angaphansi kuka-65℃, nama-rolling bearings angaphansi kuka-70℃.
19. Uma iphampu isebenza ngokujwayelekile, mangakanani amanzi okupholisa okufanele avulwe?
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-03-2024