Iphampu yokugeleza okuxubile ye-shaft elungiseka ngokugcwele iwuhlobo lwephampu yobubanzi obuphakathi nendawo enkulu esebenzisa isilungisi se-engeli yeblade ukushayela izindwani zepompo ukuze zijikeleze, ngaleyo ndlela kuguqule i-engeli yokubeka i-blade ukuze kuzuzwe ukugeleza nezinguquko zekhanda. Indawo enkulu yokudlulisa amanzi ahlanzekile noma indle elula ku-0~50℃ (imithombo yezindaba ekhethekile ihlanganisa amanzi olwandle kanye namanzi oMfula Ophuzi). Isetshenziswa kakhulu emikhakheni yamaphrojekthi okongiwa kwamanzi, ukuchelela, ukugeleza kwamanzi kanye nezinhlelo zokuphambukisa amanzi, futhi isetshenziswa kumaphrojekthi amaningi kazwelonke afana neProjekthi Yokuhlukanisa Amanzi AseNingizimu-kuya-eNyakatho kanye ne-Yangtze River kuya ku-Huaihe River Diversion Project.
Ama-blades we-shaft kanye nepompo yokugeleza okuxubile ahlanekezelwe ngokwendawo. Lapho izimo zokusebenza zephampu zichezuka endaweni yokuklama, isilinganiso phakathi kwejubane eliyisiyingi lemiphetho yangaphakathi nengaphandle yezindwane liyashabalala, okuholela ekuphakameni okukhiqizwa ama-blades (ama-airfoil) kumarediya ahlukene angabe esalingana, ngaleyo ndlela kubangele ukugeleza kwamanzi empompini kube nesiyaluyalu kanye nokulahlekelwa kwamanzi kwanda; uma uqhelelene nendawo yokuklama, izinga lokugeleza kwamanzi liba likhulu kanye nokulahlekelwa okukhulu kwamanzi. Amaphampu okugeleza kwe-axial kanye nengxubevange anekhanda eliphansi nendawo esebenza kahle kakhulu emincane. Ukushintsha kwekhanda labo elisebenzayo kuzobangela ukunciphisa okukhulu ekusebenzeni kahle kwepompo. Ngakho-ke, amaphampu okugeleza kwe-axial nokuxubile ngokuvamile awakwazi ukusebenzisa i-throttling, ukuguqula kanye nezinye izindlela zokulungisa ukuze ushintshe ukusebenza kokusebenza kwezimo zokusebenza; ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngenxa yokuthi izindleko zokulawulwa kwesivinini ziphezulu kakhulu, ukulawulwa kwejubane eliguquguqukayo akuvamile ukusetshenziswa ekusebenzeni kwangempela. Njengoba amaphampu okugeleza kwe-axial kanye nengxubevange enomzimba wehabhu omkhulu, kulula ukufaka ama-blade nezindlela zokuxhuma izinduku ezingalungisa i-engeli. Ngakho-ke, ukulungiswa kwesimo sokusebenza se-axial kanye namaphampu okugeleza okuxubile ngokuvamile amukela ukulungiswa kwe-angle eguquguqukayo, okungenza amaphampu okugeleza kwe-axial kanye nokuxubile asebenze ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza ezivumayo kakhulu.
Lapho umehluko wezinga lamanzi akhuphuka nomfula akhuphuka (okungukuthi, ikhanda lenetha liyakhula), i-engeli yokubeka i-blade ilungiswa ibe yinani elincane. Nakuba kugcinwa ukusebenza kahle okuphakeme uma kuqhathaniswa, izinga lokugeleza kwamanzi liyancishiswa ngokufanelekile ukuze kuvinjwe injini ekulayisheni ngokweqile; lapho umehluko wezinga lamanzi akhuphuka nomfula wehla (okungukuthi, ikhanda lenetha liyancipha), i-angle yokubeka i-blade ilungiswa ibe yinani elikhulu ukuze ilayishe ngokugcwele injini futhi ivumele iphampu yamanzi ukupompa amanzi amaningi. Ngamafuphi, ukusetshenziswa kwe-shaft kanye namaphampu agelezayo axubile angashintsha i-angle ye-blade angayenza ukuthi isebenze esimweni esihle kakhulu sokusebenza, ukugwema ukuvala okuphoqelekile nokufeza ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu nokumpompa amanzi aphezulu.
Ukwengeza, lapho iyunithi iqalwa, i-angle yokubeka i-blade ingashintshwa ibe yincane, enganciphisa umthwalo wokuqala we-motor (cishe i-1/3 ~ 2/3 yamandla alinganiselwe); ngaphambi kokuvala, i-angle ye-blade ingashintshwa ibe yinani elincane, elinganciphisa isivinini sokubuyela emuva kanye nomthamo wamanzi wokugeleza kwamanzi epompo ngesikhathi sokuvala, futhi kunciphise umonakalo womthelela wokugeleza kwamanzi kumishini.
Ngamafuphi, umphumela wokulungiswa kwe-engeli ye-blade ubalulekile: ① Ukulungisa i-engeli enanini elincane kwenza kube lula ukuqala nokuvala shaqa; ② Ukulungisa i-engeli enanini elikhulu kunyusa izinga lokugeleza; ③ Ukulungisa i-engeli kungenza iyunithi yephampu isebenze ngokwezomnotho. Kungabonakala ukuthi isilungisi se-blade angle sithatha indawo ebaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni nasekuphathweni kweziteshi zokumpompa eziphakathi nendawo ezinkulu.
Umzimba oyinhloko wepompo exubekile ye-shaft eshintshwayo ngokuphelele iqukethe izingxenye ezintathu: ikhanda lepompo, isilawuli, kanye nenjini.
Ⅰ、Ikhanda lepompo
Ijubane elithile lephampu yokugeleza kwe-axial eguquguquka ngokugcwele ingu-400 ~ 1600 (isivinini esiqondile esivamile sepompo yokugeleza kwe-axial ngu-700 ~ 1600), (isivinini esiqondile esivamile sepompo egelezayo exubile yi-400 ~ 800), futhi jikelele ikhanda lingu-0 ~ 30.6m. Ikhanda lepompo lakhiwe ngokuyinhloko uphondo lokungena kwamanzi (ijoyinti lokunwetshwa kwe-inlet yamanzi), izingxenye ze-rotor, izingxenye ze-impeller chamber, umzimba we-vane womhlahlandlela, isihlalo sepompo, indololwane, izingxenye ze-pump shaft, izingxenye zokupakisha, njll. Isingeniso sezingxenye ezibalulekile:
1. Ingxenye ye-rotor iyingxenye eyinhloko ekhanda lepompo. Iqukethe ama-blades, umzimba we-rotor, induku yokudonsa ephansi, i-bearing, ingalo ye-crank, ifreyimu yokusebenza, induku yokuxhuma nezinye izingxenye. Ngemuva komhlangano wonke, ukuhlolwa kwebhalansi emile kwenziwa. Phakathi kwazo, i-blade material ingcono kakhulu i-ZG0Cr13Ni4Mo (ukuqina okuphezulu nokumelana nokugqokwa okuhle), kanye ne-CNC machining yamukelwa. Impahla yezingxenye ezisele ngokuvamile i-ZG.
2. Izingxenye ze-impeller chamber zivulwe ngokuhlangene phakathi, eziqiniswe ngamabholithi futhi zibekwe ngezikhonkwane ze-conical. Izinto ezibonakalayo zingcono kakhulu ze-ZG, futhi ezinye izingxenye zenziwe nge-ZG + efakwe insimbi engagqwali (lesi sixazululo siyinkimbinkimbi ukukhiqiza futhi sijwayele ukukhubazeka kokushisela, ngakho-ke kufanele kugwenywe ngangokunokwenzeka).
3. Guide vane umzimba. Njengoba iphampu elungiseka ngokuphelele ngokuyisisekelo iyiphampu yezinga eliphakathi ukuya kwelikhulu, ubunzima bokusakaza, izindleko zokukhiqiza nezinye izici ziyacatshangelwa. Ngokuvamile, into ekhethwayo yi-ZG+Q235B. I-vane yomhlahlandlela yenziwe ucezu olulodwa, futhi i-shell flange yi-Q235B steel plate. Zombili ziyashiselwa bese ziyacutshungulwa.
4. Iphampu shaft: Iphampu elungiseka ngokugcwele ngokuvamile iwumgodi ongenalutho onezakhiwo ze-flange kuzo zombili iziphetho. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo kungcono ukuthi zenziwe nge-45 + cladding 30Cr13. I-cladding at the water guide bearing and filler ngokuyinhloko ukwandisa ubulukhuni bayo futhi uthuthukise ukumelana nokugqoka.
Ⅱ. Isingeniso ezingxenyeni eziyinhloko zomlawuli
Kulezi zinsuku, isilawuli esakhelwe ngaphakathi se-blade angle hydraulic regulator sisetshenziswa kakhulu emakethe. Ikakhulukazi iqukethe izingxenye ezintathu: umzimba ojikelezayo, ikhava, nokulawula ibhokisi lesistimu yokubonisa.
1. Umzimba ojikelezayo: Umzimba ojikelezayo uqukethe isihlalo sokusekela, isilinda, ithangi likaphethiloli, iyunithi yamandla we-hydraulic, inzwa ye-engeli, indandatho yokushelela kagesi, njll.
Wonke umzimba ojikelezayo ubekwe ku-motor shaft eyinhloko futhi uzungezisa ngokuhambisana ne-shaft. Iboshelwe phezulu kushafu wemoto oyinhloko nge-flange ekhwezayo.
I-flange yokukhweza ixhunywe esihlalweni esisekelayo.
Iphoyinti lokulinganisa lenzwa ye-engeli lifakwa phakathi kwe-piston rod nomkhono we-tie rod, futhi inzwa ye-engeli ifakwa ngaphandle kwesilinda sikaphethiloli.
Indandatho yesiliphu yokunikezwa kwamandla ifakiwe futhi igxilwe kukhava yethangi likaphethiloli, futhi ingxenye yayo ejikelezayo (i-rotor) izungeza ngokuhambisanayo nomzimba ojikelezayo. Ukuphela kokuphumayo ku-rotor kuxhunywe kuyunithi yamandla we-hydraulic, inzwa yokucindezela, inzwa yokushisa, inzwa ye-angle, nokushintshwa komkhawulo; ingxenye ye-stator ye-slip slip ring ixhunywe kusikulufa sokumisa esisembozweni, futhi i-stator outlet ixhunywe kutheminali kukhava yesilawuli;
I-piston rod iboshelwe kuthayi wepompo yamanzi.
Iyunithi yamandla we-hydraulic ingaphakathi kwethangi likaphethiloli, elinikeza amandla okusebenza kwesilinda sikaphethiloli.
Kunamasongo amabili okuphakamisa afakwe ethangini likawoyela ukuze asetshenziswe uma isilawuli siphakanyiswa.
2. Ikhava (ebuye ibizwe ngokuthi umzimba ongashintshi): Inezingxenye ezintathu. Ingxenye eyodwa iyisembozo sangaphandle; ingxenye yesibili yikhava; ingxenye yesithathu iwindi lokubuka. Isembozo sangaphandle sigxilwe phezulu kwesembozo sangaphandle senjini eyinhloko futhi simboza umzimba ojikelezayo.
3. Ibhokisi lesistimu yokubonisa (njengoba kuboniswe kumfanekiso 3): Iqukethe i-PLC, isikrini sokuthinta, i-relay, i-contactor, i-DC power supply, i-knob, ukukhanya kwenkomba, njll. Isikrini sokuthinta singabonisa i-angle ye-blade yamanje, isikhathi, amafutha. ingcindezi kanye neminye imingcele. Uhlelo lokulawula lunemisebenzi emibili: isilawuli sendawo nesilawuli kude. Izindlela zokulawula ezimbili zishintshwa ngenkinobho yezindawo ezimbili ebhokisini lesistimu yokubonisa (okubizwa ngokuthi "ibhokisi lokubonisa lokulawula", okufanayo ngezansi).
3. Ukuqhathanisa nokukhethwa kwama-motor synchronous kanye ne-asynchronous
A. Izinzuzo kanye nokungalungi kwamamotho e-synchronous
Izinzuzo:
1. Igebe lomoya phakathi kwe-rotor ne-stator likhulu, futhi ukufakwa nokulungiswa kulula.
2. Ukusebenza okushelelayo namandla okugcwala okuqinile.
3. Ijubane alishintshi nomthwalo.
4. Ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu.
5. Isici samandla singathuthukiswa. Amandla asebenzayo anganikezwa kugridi yamandla, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi yegridi yamandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho isici samandla silungiswa sibe ngu-1 noma sisondele kuso, ukufundwa ku-ammeter kuzokwehla ngoba ingxenye esebenzayo okwamanje iyancipha, okungenakwenzeka kuma-asynchronous motors.
Ububi:
1. I-rotor idinga ukuthi inikwe amandla idivayisi yokuzijabulisa ezinikele.
2. Izindleko ziphezulu.
3. Ukunakekela kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.
B. Izinzuzo kanye nokubi amamotho asynchronous
Izinzuzo:
1. I-rotor ayidingi ukuxhunywa kweminye imithombo yamandla.
2. Isakhiwo esilula, isisindo esincane, nezindleko eziphansi.
3. Ukugcinwa okulula.
Ububi:
1. Amandla asebenzayo kufanele athathwe kugridi yamandla, elimaza ikhwalithi yegridi yamandla.
2. Igebe lomoya phakathi kwe-rotor ne-stator lincane, futhi ukufakwa nokulungiswa akulungile.
C. Ukukhethwa kwezinjini
Ukukhethwa kwezinjini ezinamandla alinganiselwe angu-1000kW kanye nesivinini esilinganiselwe esingu-300r/min kufanele kunqunywe ngokusekelwe ekuqhathaniseni kwezobuchwepheshe nezomnotho ngokuya ngezimo ezithile.
1. Embonini yokonga amanzi, lapho umthamo ofakiwe ungaphansi kuka-800kW, amamotho asynchronous ayakhethwa. Uma umthamo ofakiwe ungaphezu kuka-800kW, kukhethwa ama-synchronous motors.
2. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwamamotho e-synchronous kanye nama-asynchronous motors ukuthi kune-excitation winding ku-rotor, futhi isikrini se-thyristor excitation sidinga ukumiswa.
3. Umnyango wokuphakelwa kukagesi wezwe lami ubeka ukuthi isici samandla kugesi womsebenzisi kufanele sifinyelele ngaphezu kuka-0.90. Ama-synchronous motors anesici samandla aphezulu futhi angahlangabezana nezidingo zokunikezwa kwamandla; kuyilapho ama-asynchronous motors enesici samandla aphansi futhi awakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokunikezwa kwamandla, futhi isinxephezelo samandla asebenzayo siyadingeka. Ngakho-ke, iziteshi zokupompa ezifakwe amamotho asynchronous ngokuvamile zidinga ukuhlonyiswa ngezikrini zokunxeshezelwa kwamandla asebenzayo.
4. Isakhiwo sama-synchronous motors siyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunaleyo yama-asynchronous motors. Lapho iphrojekthi yesiteshi sokupompa idinga ukucabangela ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kanye nokuguqulwa kwesigaba, amamotho ahambisanayo kufanele akhethwe.
Amaphampu okugeleza okuxubile alungiseka ngokugcwele kwe-axialasetshenziswa kakhulu kumayunithi aqondile (i-ZLQ, i-HLQ, i-ZLQK), amayunithi avundlile (athambekele) (ZWQ, ZXQ, ZGQ), futhi angasetshenziswa kumayunithi we-LP aphansi kanye nobubanzi obukhulu.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-18-2024