I-Abstract: Leli phepha lethula iyunithi yepompo yenjini ye-dizili ezizikhandlayo esebenzisa ukugeleza kwegesi ephuma emshinini kadizili ukuze kutholwe i-vacuum, okuhlanganisa iphampu eyi-centrifugal, injini yedizili, i-clutch, ishubhu le-venturi, i-muffler, ipayipi lokukhipha umoya, njll. injini ye-diesel yenziwe nge-clutch kanye nokuhlanganisa. I-muffler ixhunywe ne-shaft yokufaka yepompo ye-centrifugal, futhi i-valve yesango ifakwe endaweni yokukhipha umoya ye-muffler yenjini ye-diesel; ipayipi lokukhipha umoya lihlelwe ngaphezu kwalokho ohlangothini lwe-muffler, futhi ipayipi yokukhipha ixhunywe endaweni yokungena komoya yepayipi le-venturi, kanye nohlangothi lwepayipi le-venturi I-interface yomgwaqo ixhunywe ne-port exhaust yegumbi lepompo iphampu ye-centrifugal, i-valve yesango kanye ne-vacuum yendlela eyodwa kufakwe epayipini, futhi ipayipi lokuphuma lixhunywe embotsheni yokukhipha umoya weshubhu le-venturi. Igesi ephuma enjinini yedizili ikhishelwa epayipini le-venturi, futhi igesi esegunjini lepompo lephampu eyi-centrifugal kanye nepayipi lokungena lamanzi lephampu eyi-centrifugal liyampontshelwa ngaphandle ukuze kwakheke isivacu, ukuze amanzi abe ngaphansi kune indawo yokufaka amanzi yephampu eyi-centrifugal imuncwa egumbini lepompo ukuze kutholakale ukugeleza okujwayelekile.
Iyunithi yepompo yenjini ye-diesel iyiyunithi yepompo yokuphakela amanzi enikezwa injini ye-diesel, esetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhipheni amanzi, ukuchelela ngenkasa kwezolimo, ukuvikela umlilo kanye nokudluliswa kwamanzi kwesikhashana. Amaphampu enjini ye-diesel avame ukusetshenziswa ezimeni lapho amanzi adonswa ngaphansi kwendawo yokungena yamanzi yepompo yamanzi. Njengamanje, izindlela ezilandelayo zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukupompa amanzi kulesi simo:
01, Faka ivalvu engezansi ekugcineni kwepayipi lokungena lepompo yamanzi echibini lokumunca: ngaphambi kokuthi kuqaliswe isethi yepompo yenjini kadizili, gcwalisa imbobo yepompo yamanzi ngamanzi. Ngemva kokuba umoya osegunjini lepompo kanye nepayipi lamanzi lephampu lamanzi selikhishiwe, qalisa iphampu yenjini kadizili ukuze ufinyelele amanzi avamile. Njengoba i-valve engezansi ifakwe phansi echibini, uma i-valve engezansi ihluleka, ukugcinwa kuphazamisa kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesethi yepompo yenjini ye-diesel egeleza kakhulu, ngenxa yesikhala esikhulu sepompo kanye nobubanzi obukhulu bepayipi lokungena kwamanzi, inani elikhulu lamanzi liyadingeka, futhi izinga lokuzenzakalelayo liphansi, okuyinto engalungile kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa. .
02, Isethi yepompo yenjini kadizili ifakwe isethi yepompo ye-vacuum yenjini ye-diesel: ngokuqala isethi yepompo ye-vacuum yenjini ye-diesel, umoya osegunjini lokumpompa kanye nepayipi lokungena kwamanzi lepompo lamanzi liyampontshelwa ngaphandle, ngaleyo ndlela kukhiqizwe i-vacuum. , futhi amanzi emthonjeni wamanzi angena epayipini lokungena lephampu yamanzi kanye negumbi lepompo ngaphansi kwesenzo sokucindezela komkhathi. Ngaphakathi, qala kabusha iphampu yenjini kadizili esethiwe ukuze uthole ukutholakala kwamanzi ajwayelekile. Iphampu ye-vacuum kule ndlela yokumuncwa kwamanzi nayo idinga ukushayelwa injini ye-diesel, futhi iphampu ye-vacuum idinga ukuthi ifakwe isihlukanisi samanzi esisimusi, esingagcini nje ngokukhuphula indawo okuhlalwa kuyo imishini, kodwa futhi sandise izindleko zemishini. .
I-03 、 Ipompo yokuzilibazisa ifaniswe nenjini ye-diesel: ipompo yokuzilibazisa inokusebenza kahle okuphansi kanye nevolumu enkulu, futhi iphampu ye-self-priming inokugeleza okuncane nokuphakamisa okuphansi, okungakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokusetshenziswa ezimweni eziningi. . Ukuze kwehliswe izindleko zemishini yesethi yephampu yenjini kadizili, kuncishiswe indawo ehlala isethi yepompo, kwandiswe ububanzi bokusetshenziswa kwesethi yepompo yenjini kadizili, nokusebenzisa ngokugcwele igesi yokukhipha umoya ekhiqizwa injini kadizili egijima phezulu. isivinini ngeshubhu le-Venturi [1], i-centrifugal futha yepompo kanye nephampu ye-centrifugal kungena Igesi elisepayipini lamanzi liphuma ngohlelo lokumunca lweshubhu le-venturi elixhunywe kulo. imbobo yokukhipha umoya yegumbi lepompo lephampu elimaphakathi, kanye ne-vacuum ekhiqizwa egumbini lepompo lephampu eyi-centrifugal kanye nepayipi lokungena lamanzi lephampu eyi-centrifugal, futhi amanzi emthonjeni wamanzi aphansi kunendawo yokungena amanzi yephampu eyi-centrifugal. Ngaphansi kokucindezela komkhathi, ingena epayipini lokungena amanzi lephampu yamanzi kanye nendawo yepompo yephampu eyi-centrifugal, ngaleyo ndlela. ukugcwalisa ipayipi lokungena lamanzi lephampu eyi-centrifugal kanye nembobo yepompo yephampu eyi-centrifugal, bese iqala i-clutch yokuxhuma injini yedizili nepompo eyi-centrifugal, bese iphampu eyi-centrifugal iqala ukubona ukuhlinzekwa kwamanzi okujwayelekile.
二: isimiso sokusebenza se-Venturi tube
I-Venturi iyisisetshenziswa sokuthola i-vacuum esebenzisa uketshezi ukudlulisa amandla nesisindo. Isakhiwo sayo esivamile sikhonjiswe kuMfanekiso 1. Iqukethe umlomo wombhobho osebenzayo, indawo yokumunca, igumbi lokuxutshwa, umphimbo kanye ne-diffuser. Kuyi-vacuum generator. Ingxenye eyinhloko yedivayisi yinto entsha, ephumelelayo, ehlanzekile neyongayo ye-vacuum esebenzisa umthombo wamanzi ocindezelayo ukuze ukhiqize ingcindezi engemihle. Inqubo yokusebenza yokuthola i-vacuum imi kanje:
01 , Isigaba esisuka ephuzwini loku-1 ukuya kwesesi-3 siyisigaba sokusheshisa soketshezi oluguquguqukayo kumbobho osebenzayo. Uketshezi olushukumisayo oluphakeme lungena kubhobho yokusebenza ye-venturi ngesivinini esiphansi endaweni yokufaka umlomo wombhobho osebenzayo (iphuzu loku-1). Lapho kugeleza engxenyeni ecijile yombhobho osebenzayo (isigaba 1 ukuya esigabeni 2), ingaziwa kusukela kumakhenika oketshezi ukuthi, ngokuqhubeka kwezibalo zoketshezi olungacindezeleki [2], ukugeleza koketshezi oluguqukayo Q1 kwesigaba 1 namandla ashukumisayo. kwesigaba 2 Ubudlelwano phakathi kwezinga lokugeleza kwe-Q2 loketshezi ngu-Q1=Q2，
I-Scilicet A1v1= A2v2
Ku-formula, i-A1, i-A2 - indawo ye-cross-sectional yephuzu 1 kanye nephuzu lesi-2 (m2);
I-v1, v2 — isivinini soketshezi esigeleza engxenyeni yephoyinti 1 kanye nesigaba sephoyinti 2, m/s.
Kungabonakala kufomula engenhla ukuthi ukwanda kwesigaba sesiphambano, isivinini sokugeleza siyancipha; ukuncishiswa kwesigaba sesiphambano, isivinini sokugeleza siyakhula.
Ngamapayipi avundlile, ngokuya ngesibalo sikaBernoulli soketshezi olungacindezeleki
P1+(1/2)*ρv12=P2+(1/2)ρv22
Kufomula, i-P1, i-P2 - ingcindezi ehambisanayo esigabeni esiphambanayo sephuzu 1 nephuzu lesi-2 (Pa)
v1, v2 — isivinini soketshezi (m/s) sigeleza esigabeni endaweni 1 kanye nephoyinti 2
ρ - ukuminyana koketshezi (kg/m³)
Kungabonakala kufomula engenhla ukuthi isivinini sokugeleza soketshezi oluguquguqukayo sikhuphuka ngokuqhubekayo futhi ingcindezi iyancipha ngokuqhubekayo ukusuka esigabeni se-1 kuya esigabeni sesi-2. Uma i-v2>v1, P1>P2, lapho i-v2 ikhuphuka ibe yinani elithile (ingafinyelela isivinini somsindo), i-P2 izoba ngaphansi kokucindezela okukodwa komkhathi, okungukuthi, ukucindezela okungalungile kuzokhiqizwa esigabeni esisephuzwini lesi-3.
Lapho uketshezi lwesisusa lungena esigabeni sokunwetshwa kombhobho osebenzayo, okungukuthi, isigaba esisuka endaweni yesi-2 siye esigabeni esisephuzwini lesi-3, isivinini soketshezi lwesisusa siyaqhubeka nokukhuphuka, futhi ingcindezi iyaqhubeka nokwehla. Lapho uketshezi olushintshashintshayo lufinyelela esigabeni sokuphuma somlomo osebenzayo (isigaba esisendaweni yesi-3), isivinini soketshezi oluguquguqukayo sifinyelela ezingeni eliphezulu futhi singafinyelela isivinini esiphezulu. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukucindezela esigabeni endaweni ye-3 kufinyelela ubuncane, okungukuthi, i-vacuum degree ifinyelela phezulu, engafinyelela ku-90Kpa.
02., Isigaba esisuka ephuzwini lesi-3 ukuya kwelesi-5 siyisigaba sokuxuba soketshezi olushukumisayo noketshezi olumpontshwayo.
Uketshezi olunesivinini esikhulu olwakhiwe uketshezi olushintshashintshayo engxenyeni yokuphuma yombhobho osebenzayo (isigaba esisendaweni yesi-3) luzokwenza indawo yokukhipha umoya eduze nendawo yokuphuma yombhobho osebenzayo, ukuze uketshezi olumuncwa eduze nomfutho ophakeme lumunce. ngaphansi kwesenzo somehluko wengcindezi. endlini yokuxuba. Uketshezi olumpontshwa lumuncwa egumbini lokuxutshwa endaweni yephuzu lesi-9. Phakathi nokugeleza okuvela esigabeni se-9 kuya esigabeni sesi-5, isivinini se-fluid pumped sikhula ngokuqhubekayo, futhi ingcindezi iyaqhubeka nokwehla emandleni phakathi nesigaba kusukela ku-point 9 kuya esigabeni se-3. Ingcindezi yoketshezi engxenyeni yokuphuma yombhobho osebenzayo (iphuzu lesi-3).
Engxenyeni yegumbi elixutshwayo kanye nengxenye engaphambili yomphimbo (isigaba ukusuka ephuzwini lesi-3 ukuya kwelesi-6), uketshezi lwesisusa noketshezi okufanele luposhwe luqala ukuhlangana, futhi umfutho namandla kuyashintshaniswa, futhi amandla e-kinetic aguqulwa Umfutho wamandla anamandla oketshezi lwezisusa adluliselwa oketshezini olumpontshwa. uketshezi, ukuze ijubane loketshezi oluguquguqukayo linciphe kancane kancane, ijubane lomzimba omunca kancane kancane liyakhula, futhi ama-velocities amabili ayancipha kancane kancane futhi asondele. Ekugcineni, esigabeni sesi-4, izivinini ezimbili zifinyelela isivinini esifanayo, futhi umphimbo kanye ne-diffuser ye-venturi kukhishwa.
三:Ukwakheka kanye nomgomo wokusebenza weqembu lepompo elizithungelayo elisebenzisa ukugeleza kwegesi ephumayo esuka enjinini kadizili ukuthola ivacuum.
I-exhaust yenjini ye-diesel isho igesi ephumayo ekhishwa injini ye-diesel ngemva kokushisa uwoyela we-diesel. Ingekasi exhaust, kodwa le gesi ephumayo inenani elithile lokushisa nokucindezela. Ngemva kokuhlolwa yiminyango efanele yocwaningo, ingcindezi yegesi yokukhipha umoya ephuma enjinini kadizili efakwe i-turbocharger [3] Ingafinyelela ku-0.2MPa. Ngokombono wokusetshenziswa kahle kwamandla, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo kanye nokwehliswa kwezindleko zokusebenza, sekuyisihloko socwaningo ukusebenzisa igesi ekhishwayo ekhishwa ekusebenzeni kwenjini kadizili. I-turbocharger [3] isebenzisa igesi yokukhipha umoya ekhishwa ekusebenzeni kwenjini kadizili. Njengengxenye esebenza ngamandla, isetshenziselwa ukukhulisa umfutho womoya ongena kusilinda senjini ye-diesel, ukuze injini ye-diesel ishiswe ngokugcwele, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kwamandla enjini ye-diesel, ukuthuthukisa okuqondile. amandla, athuthukise ukonga kukaphethiloli futhi anciphise umsindo. Okulandelayo uhlobo lokusetshenziswa kwegesi ekhishwayo ekhishwa ekusebenzeni kwenjini kadizili njengoketshezi lwamandla, futhi igesi egunjini lepompo lephampu eyi-centrifugal kanye nepayipi lokungena lamanzi lephampu ye-centrifugal limuncwa nge-venturi. ithubhu, futhi i-vacuum ikhiqizwa egumbini lepompo lephampu eyi-centrifugal kanye nepayipi lokungena kwamanzi lephampu ye-centrifugal. Ngaphansi kwesenzo sokucindezela komkhathi, amanzi aphansi kunomthombo wamanzi wokungena kwepompo ye-centrifugal angena epayipini lokungena lephampu ye-centrifugal kanye nendawo yepompo yepompo ye-centrifugal, ngaleyo ndlela agcwalise ipayipi lokungena kanye nendawo yepompo ye-centrifugal. futha, futhi iqale iphampu ye-centrifugal ukuze kuzuzwe ukuhlinzekwa kwamanzi okujwayelekile. Isakhiwo sayo sikhonjiswe kuMfanekiso 2, futhi inqubo yokusebenza imi kanje:
Njengoba kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 2, indawo yokungena amanzi yephampu eyi-centrifugal ixhunywe epayipini elicwiliswe echibini elingaphansi kwendawo yokuphuma yepompo yamanzi, futhi indawo yokuphuma amanzi ixhunywe kuvalvu yokuphuma kwepompo yamanzi kanye nepayipi. Ngaphambi kokuba injini kadizili isebenze, ivalvu yokukhipha amanzi yephampu eyi-centrifugal iyavalwa, ivalvu yesango (6) iyavulwa, bese i-centrifugal futha ihlukaniswa nenjini yedizili nge-clutch. Ngemva kokuba injini kadizili iqalile futhi isebenza ngendlela evamile, ivalvu yesango (2) iyavalwa, futhi igesi yokukhipha umoya ephuma enjinini kadizili ingena epayipini le-venturi ngepayipi lokukhipha umoya (4) lisuka kumshini wokukhipha umoya, bese liphuma epayipini le-exhaust ( 11). Kule nqubo, ngokomgomo we-venturi tube, igesi egunjini lokumpompa lephampu ye-centrifugal ingena epayipini le-venturi nge-valve yesango kanye nepayipi lokukhipha umoya, bese ixutshwa negesi yokukhipha ephuma enjinini kadizili bese iphuma ipayipi lokukhipha umoya. Ngale ndlela, kwakhiwa i-vacuum emgodini wepompo wephampu eyi-centrifugal kanye nepayipi lamanzi lokungena lephampu ye-centrifugal, futhi amanzi emthonjeni wamanzi aphansi kunokungena kwamanzi wepompo ye-centrifugal angena emgodini wepompo wepompo ye-centrifugal. ngepayipi lokungena kwamanzi lephampu ye-centrifugal ngaphansi kwesenzo sokucindezela komkhathi. Lapho umgodi wepompo wephampu eyi-centrifugal kanye nepayipi lokungenisa amanzi kugcwele amanzi, vala ivalve yesango (6), vula i-valve yesango (2), xhuma iphampu eyi-centrifugal nenjini kadizili nge-clutch, bese uvule amanzi. i-valve yokuphuma yepompo ye-centrifugal, ukuze isethi yepompo yenjini kadizili iqale ukusebenza ngokujwayelekile. amanzi. Ngemva kokuhlolwa, isethi yepompo yenjini kadizili ingamunca amanzi amamitha ama-2 ngaphansi kwepayipi lokungena lephampu eyi-centrifugal ingene emgodini wepompo wephampu eyi-centrifugal.
Iqembu elishiwo ngenhla lenjini yedizili elizisebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo lisebenzisa ukugeleza kwegesi ephumayo esuka enjinini kadizili ukuze lithole ivacuum linezimpawu ezilandelayo:
1. Ukuxazulula ngokuphumelelayo umthamo wokuzilungiselela wesethi yephampu yenjini kadizili;
2. Ishubhu ye-Venturi incane ngosayizi, ilula ngesisindo futhi ihlangene ngesakhiwo, futhi izindleko zayo ziphansi kunezinhlelo ezivamile zephampu ye-vacuum. Ngakho-ke, isethi yepompo yenjini ye-diesel yalesi sakhiwo isindisa isikhala esithathwe imishini kanye nezindleko zokufaka, futhi yehlisa izindleko zobunjiniyela.
3. Isethi yepompo yenjini kadizili yalesi sakhiwo yenza ukusetshenziswa kwephampu yenjini kadizili kusethwe banzi futhi ithuthukise ububanzi bokusetshenziswa kwesethi yepompo yenjini kadizili;
4. I-Venturi tube kulula ukuyisebenzisa futhi kulula ukuyinakekela. Ayidingi abasebenzi besikhathi esigcwele ukuyiphatha. Njengoba ingekho ingxenye yokudlulisela ngomshini, umsindo uphansi futhi akukho mafutha okugcoba okudingeka adliwe.
5. I-tube ye-Venturi inesakhiwo esilula kanye nempilo ende yesevisi.
Isizathu sokuthi kungani isethi yepompo yenjini kadizili yalesi sakhiwo ikwazi ukumunca amanzi aphansi kune-inlet yamanzi yepompo ye-centrifugal, futhi isebenzise ngokugcwele igesi yokukhipha umoya ekhishwe ekusebenzeni kwenjini kadizili ukuze igeleze engxenyeni ewumongo ye-Venturi. ngesivinini esikhulu, kwenza injini ye-diesel futha isethi engenawo umsebenzi wokuzilungiselela ekuqaleni. With umsebenzi self-priming.
四: Thuthukisa ukuphakama kokumuncwa kwamanzi kwesethi yepompo yenjini kadizili
Isethi yephampu yenjini ezisebenzisa udizili echazwe ngenhla inomsebenzi wokuzilungiselela yona ngokusebenzisa igesi yokukhipha ephuma enjinini kadizili ukuze igeleze ngeshubhu le-Venturi ukuze kutholwe isivacu. Kodwa-ke, uketshezi lwamandla empompini yenjini ye-diesel ebekwe nalesi sakhiwo igesi ephumayo ekhishwa injini ye-diesel, futhi ingcindezi iphansi kakhulu, ngakho-ke, i-vacuum ewumphumela nayo iphansi ngokuqhathaniswa, ekhawulela ukuphakama kwamanzi kwe-centrifugal. futha futhi ikhawulela ububanzi bokusetshenziswa kwesethi yephampu. Uma ukuphakama kokudonsa kwephampu ye-centrifugal kuzokwenyuswa, izinga le-vacuum yendawo yokudonsa yeshubhu ye-Venturi kufanele lenyuswe. Ngokomgomo wokusebenza weshubhu ye-Venturi, ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinga le-vacuum yendawo yokumunca ye-Venturi tube, umlomo wombhobho osebenzayo weshubhu le-Venturi kufanele uklanywe. Ingaba uhlobo lombhobho we-sonic, noma uhlobo lombhobho we-supersonic, futhi ikhulise ingcindezi yasekuqaleni yoketshezi oluguquguqukayo olugeleza ku-venturi.
Ukuze kwandiswe ingcindezi yasekuqaleni yoketshezi olushukumisayo lwe-Venturi olugeleza kusethi yepompo yenjini kadizili, i-turbocharger ingafakwa epayipini lokukhipha umoya lenjini kadizili [3]. I-Turbocharger [3] iyisisetshenziswa sokucindezelwa komoya, esebenzisa amandla angenawo amandla egesi ephuma enjini ukuze iphushe i-turbine egumbini le-turbine, i-turbine ishayela i-coaxial impeller, futhi i-impeller icindezela umoya. Isakhiwo sayo kanye nesimiso sokusebenza kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 3. I-turbocharger ihlukaniswe yaba izinhlobo ezintathu: ukucindezela okuphezulu, ukucindezela okuphakathi nokucindezela okuphansi. Okukhiphayo izingcindezi zegesi ezicindezelwe yilezi: ukucindezela okuphezulu kukhulu kuno-0.3MPa, ukucindezela okuphakathi ngu-0.1-0.3MPa, ukucindezela okuphansi kungaphansi kuka-0.1MPa, futhi ukukhishwa kwegesi ecindezelwe yi-turbocharger ukucindezela kuzinzile. Uma okokufaka kwegesi ecindezelwe yi-turbocharger kusetshenziswa njengoketshezi lwamandla e-Venturi, izinga eliphezulu le-vacuum lingatholwa, okungukuthi, ukuphakama kokumuncwa kwamanzi kwesethi yepompo yenjini kadizili kuyanda.
五: iziphetho:Iqembu le-self-priming pump yenjini esebenzisa ukugeleza kwegesi ephumayo esuka enjinini kadizili ukuthola i-vacuum isebenzisa ngokugcwele ukugeleza kwegesi ephuma ngesivinini esiphezulu, ishubhu le-venturi kanye nobuchwepheshe bokushaja obukhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokusebenza kukadizili. injini yokukhipha igesi emgodini wepompo kanye nepayipi lokungena lamanzi lephampu ye-centrifugal. Ivacuum iyakhiqizwa, futhi amanzi aphansi kunomthombo wamanzi wepompo ye-centrifugal amuncwa epayipini lokungena lamanzi kanye nomgodi wepompo wepompo ye-centrifugal, ukuze iqembu lepompo lenjini kadizili libe nomthelela wokuzilungiselela. Isethi yepompo yenjini kadizili yalesi sakhiwo inezinzuzo zesakhiwo esilula, ukusebenza okulula kanye nezindleko eziphansi, futhi ithuthukisa ububanzi bokusetshenziswa kwesethi yepompo yenjini kadizili.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-17-2022