I-Abstract: Eli phepha lazisa i-injini yokuzingca ye-diel-esebenzisa injini yerhasi yokusebenzisa injini yedizili ukuze ifumane i-vacuum, i-ventutch, i-ventur, i-ventler, i-ventler, i-thenting. I-Muffler iqhagamshelwe kunye ne-shaft yokufaka impompo ye-centrifagal, kwaye i-valve yesango ifakwe kwizibuko elinqabileyo le-Muffler ye-injini yedizili; Umbhobho wokuphelisa ulungiswe kwicala le-Muffler, kwaye umbhobho wokuphelisa uqhagamshele kwi-ventling pume, kunye ne-valuum yendlela yendlela ye-cenuun efakwe kwi-pubiline yendlela, kunye nombhobho we-vacuum uqhagamshelwe kwi Izibuko eliphelelayo lwe-ventnti tube. Ukukhutshwa kwegesi yokukhutshwa kwe-idizeli kukhutshelwa kwityhubhu yeVenduri, kunye negesi kwi-pump yegumbi le-centrifugal kunye nombhobho wamanzi wegumbi le-centrifugal liphelile kwi-pumpmer yegumbi eliqhelekileyo.
Iyunithi ye-Injini ye-Injini ye-injini yinxalenye ye-pump yokuhambisa amanzi exhotywe yinjini yedizili, esetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi-drainage, ukunkcenkceshela kwezolimo, ukukhuselwa kwamanzi kunye nokudluliselwa kwamanzi umlilo. Iipuzz ze-Injini ze-injini zihlala zisetyenziswa kwiimeko apho amanzi athatyathwa khona ukusuka ngaphantsi kwe-interlet yamanzi. Okwangoku, ezi ndlela zilandelayo zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukutyibilika kwamanzi kule meko:
I-01, faka ivalve esezantsi ekupheleni kombhobho we-inlet yempompo yamanzi kwiphuli ye-injini: ngaphambi kokuba kubekho i-injini ye-injini, gcwalisa impompo yamanzi ngamanzi. Emva komoya kwigumbi lempompo kunye nombhobho we-Inlet ye-Inlet yempompo yamanzi ikhutshwe, qala ipompo yenjini ye-Diesel iseti ukufezekisa ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi okuqhelekileyo. Kuba ivalve esezantsi ifakwe emazantsi echibi, ukuba iValve esezantsi iyasilela, ulondolozo alunangxaki kakhulu. Ngaphezu koko, kwi-injini enkulu ye-injini ye-injini, ngenxa yempompo enkulu yempompo kunye nobubanzi bombhobho we-infhente, ubungakanani bamanzi afunekayo, kwaye akukho nto inokwenzeka kuyo.
I-02, i-Injini ye-Injini ye-Injini ixhotywe nge-Inforling Pump yePump yePump ye-Injini ye-Inutuum ingena kwi-vacuum ye-pumputer ingena kwi-pipeling pipeling kunye ne-pumputer iphantsi kwento yexinzelelo lwemozulu. Ngaphakathi, qala kwakhona ipompo yenjini yedizili iseti ukufezekisa ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi okuqhelekileyo. Impompo yokuphumla kule ndlela yokufunxa kwamanzi nayo ifuna ukuqhutywa yinjini yedizili, kwaye impompo ye-vacuum kufuneka ixhotywe ngendawo yokwahlula amanzi, kodwa ingendo kuphela indawo yexabiso.
I-03, impompo yokuzingca ihambelana nenjini yedizili: Impompo yokuzingca inesidima kunye nevolumu enkulu, kwaye impompo ye-prey, enokuhlangabezana neemfuno zokusetyenziswa kwiimeko ezininzi. Ukuze unciphise iindleko ze-injini ye-Diesel ye-Diesel ye-Diesel, inciphise indawo ehleli kwi-pump ye-pump ye-pumputer isebenza kwigesi kwi-pieline ye-ventline ikhutshiwe kwi-puiline yamanzi ikhutshwe ngohlobo lwe-piperes ye I-Venturi Tube eqhagamshelwe kwizibuko le-centrifugal pump yegumbi elinempompo ye-centrifugal kunye ne-pipigue yomthombo wamanzi asezantsi kwe-bibifugal iphantsi kombhobho wamanzi, ingena kumbhobho wamanzi wamanzi Impompo kunye nempompo yempompo yempompo ye-centrifugal, ngaloo ndlela zigcwalisa umbhobho we-piebifigal kunye nepostifugal ipompo, impompo ye-centrifugal iqala ukufezekisa ubonelelo lwamanzi aqhelekileyo.
二: Umgaqo wokuSebenza weTube yeVenduri
I-Venturi sisixhobo sokufumana isixhobo esisebenzisa amanzi amanzi ukuze adlulisele amandla kunye nobunzima. Ulwakhiwo lwayo oluqhelekileyo luboniswa kumzobo 1. Inendawo yokusebenza, indawo yokuncancisa, igumbi lokuxuba, umqala kunye nokuhlutha. Ngumvelisi we-vacuum. Elona candelo liphambili lesixhobo yindawo entsha, efanelekileyo, ecocekileyo nenoqoqosho esebenzisa umthombo wobushushu olwenziweyo wokuvelisa uxinzelelo olubi. Inkqubo yokusebenza yokufumana i-vacuum imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
I-01, icandelo elivela kwinqaku le-1 ukuba liphakame 3 linqanaba lokukhawulezisa i-fluid yamanzi edubeki kwi-nozzle esebenzayo. Isizathu esiphezulu soxinzelelo esiphezulu singena kwi-nozzle esebenzayo ye-ventnti kwi-velocity esezantsi kwindawo yokusebenza ye-nozzle (inqaku le-1). Xa uqukuqela kwicandelo elinemisebenzi ye-nozzle esebenzayo (Icandelo le-1 ukuya kwiCandelo 2), linokwaziwa ngoomatshini obungathethekiyo [2], ukuntywila kwecandelo 1 kunye nolwalamano olusebenzayo lwe-q1 = q2,
I-Scilisict A1v1 = A2V2
Kwifomula, i-A1, A2 - Indawo yecandelo lendawo yenqanaba 1 kunye nenqaku 2 (M2);
v1, v2 - i-v2-i-velocity ye-fluid iqukuqela inqaku le-1 kunye nenqaku lesibini, m / s.
Inokubonwa kule fomula ingentla eyanda kwecandelo lomnqamlezo, i-velocity yegesi ihla ihle; Ukuncitshiswa kwecandelo lomnqamlezo, i-velocity ye-velocity yendawo yokuhamba.
Ngemibhobho ethe tye, ngokwe-bernoulli kaBernoulli yolwelo olungathethekiyo
P1+ (1/2) * ρv12=P2+ (1/2) ρv22
Kwifomula, p1, p2 - uxinzelelo olufanayo kwicandelo le-1 kunye nenqaku 2 (PA)
v1, v2 - i-v2-i-fluid velocity (m / s) ihamba kwicandelo le-1 kunye nenqaku 2
ρ -Ixilongo lolwelo (kg / m³)
Ingabonwa kule fomula ingentla ukuba isantya sokuhamba kwamanzi enyuka ngokuqhubekayo kwaye uxinzelelo luyancipha ngokuqhubekayo ukusuka kwinqanaba le-1 ukuya kwinqaku lesibini. Xa v2> V1, P1> P2, xa v2, v2, i-V2 yexabiso elithile (inokuthi ifike kwisandi sesandi), i-P2 iya kuba ngaphantsi koxinzelelo lwemotofiki, oko kukuthi, uxinzelelo olubi luya kuveliswa kwicandelo le-3.
Xa uxinaniso lwesizathu ungena kwicandelo lokwandiswa kwe-nozzle esebenzayo, oko kukuthi, icandelo elivela kwiNgxelo 2 ukuya kwiCandelo le-3, isantya somntu oshukumisayo siqhubeka sikhuphuka, kwaye uxinzelelo luyaqhubeka nokuhla. Xa ulwelo oluguqukayo lufikelela kwicandelo le-Outlet ye-Nozzle ye-Ints (icandelo kwi-3), i-velocity yolwelo lwe-Dynamic ifikelela kubuninzi kwaye inokufikelela kwisantya se-upersonic. Ngeli xesha, uxinzelelo kwinqaku lenqaku eli-3 lufikelela kubuncinci, oko kukuthi, iqondo lokuphumla lifikelela kwelona liphezulu, elinokufikelela kwi-90kpa.
02., Icandelo elivela kwinqaku lesi-3 ukuba liphakame 5 linqanaba lokuxuba lomsonto onesizathu kunye nolwelo oluqhelekileyo.
Isantya esiphezulu esenziwe ngulwelo olunamandla kwicandelo le-itch ye-Outzle (icandelo kwi-3) liza kwenza indawo yokuphumla ye-vacuum, ukuze ulwelo oluphezulu kufutshane nesenzo soxinzelelo. kwigumbi lokuxuba. Ulwelo oluqhelekileyo lufumaneka kwigumbi lokuxuba kwicandelo le-9. Ngexesha lokuhamba ukusuka kwinqaku le-9 ukuya kwinqaku le-5 ukuya kwinqaku le-5, isantya somanzi wepumu onyuka ngokuqhubekayo, kwaye uxinzelelo luyaqhubeka ukwehla kumandla ngexesha lecandelo le-9 ukuya kwinqaku lesi-3 ukuya kwinqaku lesithathu. Uxinzelelo lolwelo kwicandelo le-Outlet ye-nozzle esebenzayo (inqaku lesi-3).
Kwicandelo le-cumba lamanzi kunye necandelo langaphambili lomqala (icandelo ukusuka kwi-3 ukuya kwi-6), amanzi anokutshintshwayo atshintshelwe kuxinzelelo lwamandla e-fluid idluliselwe kwi-fluid eyenziwe kwi-fluid fluid. Ulwelo, ukuze i-velocity ye-fanocic freyityly incipha, i-velocity yomzimba ofudukeyo ngokuthe ngcembe inyuka, kwaye ii-velocies ezimbini zincipha kwaye zinciphise. Okokugqibela, kwinqaku le-4, izantya ezimbini zifikelela ngesantya esifanayo, kwaye umqala kwaye ukwahluka kweVenduri kukhutshelwa.
三:Ubume kunye nomgaqo wokusebenzela weqela lempompo elisebenzisa igesi yokuhamba ngegesi kwi-injini yedizili ukuze ufumane i-vacuum
I-Dience i-Injini i-Injini ibhekisa kwirhasi yokupheliswa yinjini yedizili emva kokutsha kweoyile yedizili. Yeyona gesi yokuphelisa, kodwa le gesi yokuphelisa inesixa esithile sobushushu kunye noxinzelelo. Emva kovavanyo ngamasebe ophando ofanelekileyo, uxinzelelo lwegesi yokukhutshwa igesi ekhutshiweyo kwi-injini yedizili exhotywe nge-turbocharger [3] ingafikelela kwi-0,2mpa. Ngokwembono yokusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwamandla, ukukhusela kokusingqongileyo kunye nokuncitshiswa kweendleko zokusebenza, kuye kwaba sisihloko sophando sokusebenzisa injini ye-injini yedizili. I-turbocharger [3] isebenzisa igesi yokukhutshwa kwegesi ekusebenzeni kwenjini yedizili. Njengenxalenye esebenzayo, isetyenziselwa ukwandisa uxinzelelo lomoya ongena kwisilinda senjini yedizili, ukuze injini yedizili inokutshiswa ngakumbi, ukuphucula uqoqosho oluthile, ukuphucula ingxolo. Oku kulandelayo luhlobo lokusetyenziswa kwegesi yokuphelelwa yigesi ekusebenzeni kwenjini yedizili njengolwelo lwamanzi, kunye negesi kwi-bimp yegumbi le-centrifugal kunye ne-vacuum ye-cenugugal ye-centrifalika. Phantsi kwesenzo sengcinezelo ye-quosmosfic, amanzi asezantsi kunomthombo wamanzi we-Inrifugal ingena kumbhophu we-centrifugal kunye ne-pump yompu kwimpompo ye-centrifugal, kwaye iqale impompo yesiqhelo yokufezekisa amanzi aqhelekileyo. Isakhiwo saso siboniswa kuMfanekiso 2, kwaye inkqubo yokusebenza imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
Njengoko kubonisiwe kumzobo 2, i-intanethi ye-ntloko ye-centrifugal iqhagamshelwe kumbhobho ophantsi kwechibi elingaphantsi kwe-pump yokukhuphela amanzi, kwaye i-upele yamanzi iqhagamshelwe kwivalve yokukhuphela amanzi kunye nepayipi. Ngaphambi kokuba injini yedizili isebenza, i-valve yokuthengisa yamanzi ye-centrifal ivaliwe, i-valve yesango (6) ivuliwe, kwaye impompo ye-centrugal yahlulwe kwi-injini yedizili nge-disutch. Emva kokuba injini yedizali iqala kwaye ibaleka i-valve (2) ivaliwe, kwaye i-2) ikhutshiwe kwi-injini ye-ventuzi ingena kumbhobho we-ventuit kungena kumbhobho wokuphelisa (11). Kule nkqubo, ngokomgaqo-siseko we-ventnti tube, igesi kwi-pump yegumbi le-centrifagal lingena kwi-ventve ye-ventnti ye-ventve kunye negesi yokuphelisa injini kwaye ikhutshwe kumbhobho wokuphelisa. Ngale ndlela, i-vacuum yenziwa kwimpompo yempompo ye-centrifagal kunye nombhobho we-pieler ye-cempolifigal ingena kwimpompo ye-centrifugal ingena kwi-pump yesixhobo se-centrifugal phantsi kwesenzo sengcinezelo ye-centrifugal phantsi kwesenzo soxinzelelo lwe-centrifugal phantsi kwento yexinzelelo lwe-centrifugal phantsi kwento yexinzelelo lemozulu. Xa umngxunya wempompo wempompo ye-centrifugal kunye nombhobho we-inlet ye-Inlet zizaliswe ngamanzi, vala i-valve yesango (2), vula i-qualtifigal i-pulthegal ngepostifugal, ukuze iseti ye-injini ye-Diesel, ukuze i-injini ye-injini iqale ukusebenza ngesiqhelo. ubonelelo ngamanzi. Emva kovavanyo, i-injini ye-injini ye-injini ingancancisa i-Suck 2 yeemitha ngezantsi kombhobho we-infuthean yepostifugal impompo yempompo ye-cempa.
Le mpahla ye-Diesel ekhankanywe apha ngasentla ye-Injini ye-injini yokuziqhelanisa nokuhamba kwegesi yokuphelisa kwinjini yedizili ukufumana i-vacuum inezi mpawu zilandelayo:
1. Ngokufanelekileyo ukusombulula amandla okuzingca ngepumbu zenjini ye-Dieflise;
2. Ityhubhu yeVenduri incinci ngokobukhulu, ukukhanya kubunzima kwaye icocwe ngolwakhiwo, kwaye iindleko zayo ziphantsi kunezo zenkqubo yempompo eqhelekileyo. Ke ngoko, i-Injini ye-injineli ye-Injine ye-Injini ye-Injini igcina indawo ehlala izixhobo kunye neendleko zokufakelwa, kwaye inciphise iindleko zobunjineli.
I-3. I-Injini ye-Injini ye-Injini ye-Injini yesakhiwo yenza ukusetyenziswa kwempompo yenjini yedizili isetelwe kakhulu kwaye iphucula uluhlu lwe-injini ye-Injini ye-Injini;
4. Ityhubhu yeVenduri kulula ukuyisebenza kwaye ilula ukuyigcina. Ayifuni ukuba abasebenzi bexesha elizeleyo bawulawule. Kuba akukho nxalenye yosulelo ngoomatshini, ingxolo iphantsi kwaye akukho oli i-lungisa kufuneka ityiwe.
5. Ityhubhu yeVenduri inobume obulula kunye nobomi benkonzo ende.
Isizathu sokuba i-injini ye-injini yenjineli ye-Injini yesakhiwo inokutsalwa kumanzi asezantsi kwe-injini ye-centrifugal, yenza ukuba i-injini ye-injini ye-Injini ithe yenziwa engasebenziyo. Umsebenzi wokuziqhelanisa.
四
I-Diezil Injini yepompo ichazwe apha ngasentla isebenza ngokuzithandela ngokusebenzisa i-injini yerhasi yokukhutshelwa kwi-injini yedizili ukuba ihambe kwi-viuum tube ukufumana i-vacuum. Nangona kunjalo, i-fluid yamanzi kwi-Injini ye-injini ye-Diezeli iseti ye-injini yokukhutshwa yinjini, kwaye uxinzelelo luphantsi ukuphakama komgangatho we-centrifugal kunye nokunciphisa uluhlu lokusetyenziswa kwepompo. Ukuba ukuphakama kwe-centrifugal i-pumps kukwanda, inqanaba le-vacuum lendawo ye-ventsuri inyikima. Ngokutsho komgaqo wokusebenzela wetyhubhu yeVenduri, ukuphucula umgangatho we-vacuum yendawo ye-ventnti tube, i-nozzle esebenzayo ye-ventritur kufuneka yenziwe. Inokuba luhlobo lonyana ononyana, okanye nohlobo lwe-upersonic nozzle, kwaye ukwandisa uxinzelelo lwantlandlolo lwe-faid eguqukayo kwiVenduri.
Ukonyusa uxinzelelo loqobo lwe-ventntrius suctur gerhong rump i-Injini ye-injini ye-Injini, i-turbocharger inokufakwa kumbhobho wokuphelisa injini [3]. I-Turbocharger [3] sisixhobo soxinzelelo somoya, esebenzisa i-inki engapheliyo kwi-injini yokutyhala i-turbine kwigumbi le-turbine, kwaye i-turbine iqhubela phambili umoya. Isakhiwo sayo kunye nomgaqo wokusebenzela ziboniswa kwi-3.. I-turbocharger yahlulahlulwe yangumanani amathathu: uxinzelelo oluphezulu, uxinzelelo oluphakathi kunye noxinzelelo oluphantsi. Iziphumo zemveliso iqhubekile uxinzelelo lwegesi zezi: uxinzelelo oluphezulu lungaphezulu kwe-0.3MPA, uxinzelelo oluphakathi yi-0.1-0.3.3MPA, kunye nemveliso yegesi engaphantsi kwe-turbocharger i-turbocharger inoxinzelelo. Ukuba igalelo legesi elixinzelelweyo yi-turbocharger lisetyenziswa njengombane we-ventrid, isidanga esiphezulu se-vacuum sinokufumaneka, oko kukuthi, ukuphakama kwamanzi kwi-Injini ye-Injini ye-injini inyuke.
五: Izigqibo:Iqela le-Diezeli ye-Injini le-Injini elisebenzisa i-injini yerhasi yokufumana i-Dieyili ukufumana i-vacuum ye-injini ye-dimps, itekhnoloji ye-ventburing ekhupha igesi kunye nomngxunya we-centrifagal. I-vacuum ivelisiwe, kwaye amanzi asezantsi kunomthombo wamanzi we-centrifugal pump ye-incking yombhobho we-Inner kunye nePump yePump yePump ye-Injini inesiphumo sokuziqhelanisa nesiphoso. I-Dience I-Injini ye-Injini ye-Injini ye-Injini ye-Injini ineengenelo zolwakhiwo olulula, ukusebenza kakuhle kunye neendleko eziphantsi, kwaye kuphucula uluhlu lokusetyenziswa kwe-injini yenjini ye-injini.
I-Post Time: Aug-17 ukuya ku-1222