Abstract: Eli phepha lazisa injini ye-diesel self-priming pump unit esebenzisa i-exhaust gas flow esuka kwi-injini ye-diesel ukufumana i-vacuum, kuquka impompo ye-centrifugal, i-injini ye-diesel, i-clutch, i-venturi tube, i-muffler, i-exhaust pipe, njl. I-injini ye-diesel yenziwe nge-clutch kunye ne-coupling. I-muffler ixhunywe kunye ne-input shaft yepompo ye-centrifugal, kwaye i-valve yesango ifakwe kwi-exhaust port ye-muffler ye-injini ye-diesel; umbhobho wokukhupha udityaniswe ngokongezwa kwicala le-muffler, kwaye umbhobho wokukhupha udityaniswe ne-air inlet yombhobho we-venturi, kunye necala lombhobho we-venturi Ujongano lwendlela ludityaniswe ne-port yokukhupha yegumbi lokumpompa. impompo ye-centrifugal, ivalve yesango kunye nevalve yendlela enye yevacuum ifakwe kumbhobho, kwaye umbhobho ophumayo uqhagamshelwe kwizibuko lokukhupha letyhubhu ye-venturi. Irhasi ephumayo ephuma kwi-injini ye-diesel ikhutshelwa kwityhubhu ye-venturi, kwaye irhasi ekwigumbi lempompo yempompo eyi-centrifugal kunye nombhobho wokungena wamanzi wempompo ye-centrifugal uyampontshelwa ngaphandle ukwenza ivacuum, ukuze amanzi abe ngaphantsi kunoko. indawo yokungena yamanzi yempompo ye-centrifugal ifunxwa kwigumbi lokumpompa ukuze kubonwe ukutsalwa kwamanzi okuqhelekileyo.
Iyunithi yepompo ye-injini ye-diesel yiyunithi yempompo yokubonelela ngamanzi exhaswe yi-injini ye-diesel, esetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi-drainage, ukunkcenkceshela kwezolimo, ukukhuselwa komlilo kunye nokudluliselwa kwamanzi okwethutyana. Iimpompo ze-injini ye-diesel zihlala zisetyenziswa kwiimeko apho amanzi atsalwa ngaphantsi kwe-inlet yamanzi yempompo yamanzi. Okwangoku, ezi ndlela zilandelayo zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukumpompa amanzi kule meko:
01, Fakela ivalve esezantsi ekupheleni kombhobho wokungena wempompo yamanzi kwidama lokufunxa: phambi kokuba iseti yempompo ye-diesel iqaliswe, gcwalisa umngxuma wempompo yamanzi ngamanzi. Emva kokuba umoya okwigumbi lokumpompa kunye nombhobho wokungena wamanzi wempompo yamanzi ukhutshiwe, qalisa ukuseta impompo ye-injini ye-diesel ukufikelela kunikezelo lwamanzi oluqhelekileyo. Ekubeni i-valve ephantsi ifakwe phantsi kwe-pool, ukuba i-valve ephantsi ihluleka, ukugcinwa kuphazamiseka kakhulu. Ngaphezu koko, kwiseti yempompo ye-injini ye-diesel ehamba phambili enkulu, ngenxa yempompo enkulu yempompo kunye nobubanzi obukhulu bombhobho wokungena kwamanzi, umthamo omkhulu wamanzi uyafuneka, kwaye iqondo lokuzenzekelayo liphantsi, ekungekho lula ukuyisebenzisa. .
02, Iseti yempompo ye-injini ye-diesel ixhotyiswe ngeseti yempompo ye-injini ye-diesel: ngokuqala kuqala i-vacuum yempompo ye-injini ye-diesel, umoya okwigumbi lokumpompa kunye nombhobho wokungena kwamanzi wempompo yamanzi ukhutshwa, ngaloo ndlela uvelisa i-vacuum. , kwaye amanzi kumthombo wamanzi angena kumbhobho wokungena wempompo yamanzi kunye negumbi lokumpompa phantsi kwesenzo soxinzelelo lwe-atmospheric. Ngaphakathi, qalisa kwakhona impompo ye-injini ye-diesel ukuphumeza unikezelo lwamanzi oluqhelekileyo. Ipompo yokucoca kule ndlela yokufunxa amanzi nayo ifuna ukuqhutywa yi-injini ye-diesel, kwaye impompo yokucoca kufuneka ixhotyiswe ngesahluli samanzi somphunga, esinganyusi nje kuphela indawo esihlala kuyo isixhobo, kodwa sandise iindleko zezixhobo. .
I-03, impompo yokuzimela ihambelana ne-injini ye-diesel: impompo yokuzimela inokusebenza okuphantsi kunye nomthamo omkhulu, kunye nempompo yokuzimela inompompo omncinci kunye nokuphakama okuphantsi, okungenakukwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokusetyenziswa kwiimeko ezininzi. . Ukuze kuncitshiswe ixabiso lezixhobo zeseti yempompo ye-injini ye-diesel, ukunciphisa indawo ehlala iseti yempompo, ukwandisa uluhlu lokusetyenziswa kweseti yempompo ye-injini ye-diesel, kwaye usebenzise ngokupheleleyo igesi yokukhupha eyenziwa yi-injini ye-diesel esebenza phezulu. isantya kwityhubhu ye-Venturi [1], umgodi wempompo ye-centrifugal kunye nempompo ye-centrifugal ingena Irhasi kumbhobho wamanzi ikhutshwa kujongano lokufunxa lwetyhubhu ye-venturi eqhagamshelwe kwizibuko lokuphuma lempompo yempompo ye-centrifugal, kunye ne-vacuum. uveliswa kwigumbi lokumpompa lempompo ephakathi kunye nombhobho wokungena wamanzi wempompo ye-centrifugal, kunye namanzi kumthombo wamanzi asezantsi kunokungena kwamanzi kwimpompo ephakathi akulo Phantsi kwentshukumo yoxinzelelo lomoya, ingena kumbhobho wokungena kwamanzi. wempompo yamanzi kunye nomngxuma wempompo yempompo ye-centrifugal, ngokwenza njalo uzalise umbhobho wokungena wamanzi wempompo ye-centrifugal kunye nomngxuma wempompo wempompo ye-centrifugal, kwaye uqalise i-clutch ukudibanisa i-injini ye-diesel kunye nempompo ye-centrifugal, kunye ne-centrifugal. impompo iqala ukuqonda unikezelo lwamanzi oluqhelekileyo.
二: umgaqo wokusebenza we-Venturi tube
I-Venturi sisixhobo esifunxayo esisebenzisa ulwelo ukuhambisa amandla kunye nobunzima. Isakhiwo sayo esiqhelekileyo siboniswe kuMzobo 1. Iqukethe i-nozzle esebenzayo, indawo yokufunxa, igumbi lokuxuba, umqala kunye ne-diffuser. Yijenereyitha yokufunxa. Inxalenye ephambili yesixhobo yinto entsha, esebenzayo, ecocekileyo kunye neyoqoqosho ye-vacuum esebenzisa umthombo woxinzelelo olulungileyo ukuvelisa uxinzelelo olubi. Inkqubo yokusebenza yokufumana ivacuum ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
01 、 Icandelo ukusuka kwindawo yoku-1 ukuya kwindawo yesi-3 linqanaba lokukhawulezisa lolwelo oluguquguqukayo kumbhobho osebenzayo. Ulwelo oluphezulu lwesizathu soxinzelelo lungena kumbhobho osebenzayo we-venturi ngesantya esisezantsi kwindawo yokungena yombhobho osebenzayo (icandelo loku-1). Xa uqukuqela kwicandelo letapered lombhobho osebenzayo (icandelo 1 ukuya kwicandelo 2), inokwaziwa ukusuka kubuchwephesha be-fluid ukuba, ngokuqhubekeka kwe-equation ye-incompressible fluid [2], ukuhamba kwamanzi okuguquguqukayo kwe-Q1 yecandelo 1 kunye namandla ashukumisayo. yecandelo 2 Ubudlelwane phakathi kwesantya sokuhamba kwe-Q2 yolwelo yi-Q1=Q2,
Scilicet A1v1= A2v2
Kwifomula, i-A1, i-A2 - indawo ye-cross-sectional point 1 kunye ne-point 2 (m2);
I-v1, i-v2 - i-velocity ye-fluid ehamba kwinqanaba le-1 kunye necandelo le-2, i-m / s.
Inokubonwa kwifomula engentla ukuba ukwanda kwecandelo lomnqamlezo, ukuhamba kwesantya kuyancipha; ukuncitshiswa kwecandelo lomnqamlezo, isantya sokuhamba sinyuka.
Kwimibhobho ethe tyaba, ngokutsho kwe-equation kaBernoulli ye-incompressible fluids
P1+ (1/2)*ρv12=P2+(1/2)ρv22
Kwifomula, i-P1, i-P2 - uxinzelelo oluhambelanayo kwinqanaba le-1 kunye nenqaku le-2 (Pa)
I-v1, i-v2 — isantya solwelo (m/s) ihamba kwicandelo kwindawo yoku-1 nakwinqaku lesi-2
ρ — ubuninzi bolwelo (kg/m³)
Inokubonwa kwifomyula engentla ukuba ukuhamba kwesantya sombane oshukumisayo kwandisa ngokuqhubekayo kwaye uxinzelelo luyancipha ngokuqhubekayo ukusuka kwinqanaba le-1 ukuya kwinqanaba le-2. Xa i-v2> v1, i-P1> i-P2, xa i-v2 inyuka kwixabiso elithile (inokufikelela kwisantya sesandi), i-P2 iya kuba ngaphantsi koxinzelelo lwe-atmospheric enye, oko kukuthi, uxinzelelo olubi luya kuveliswa kwinqanaba le-3.
Xa i-motive fluid ingena kwicandelo lokwandiswa kwe-nozzle esebenzayo, oko kukuthi, icandelo ukusuka kwinqanaba le-2 ukuya kwicandelo kwinqanaba le-3, isantya se-motive fluid siyaqhubeka nokunyuka, kwaye uxinzelelo luqhubeka luhla. Xa i-fluid eguquguqukayo ifikelela kwicandelo lokuphuma lombhobho osebenzayo (icandelo kwinqanaba le-3), isantya sombane oshukumisayo sifikelela kwisantya esiphezulu kwaye sinokufikelela kwisantya esiphezulu. Ngeli xesha, uxinzelelo kwicandelo kwinqanaba le-3 lifikelela kubuncinci, oko kukuthi, i-degree ye-vacuum ifikelela kwinqanaba eliphezulu, elinokufikelela kwi-90Kpa.
02., Icandelo ukusuka kwindawo yesi-3 ukuya kwindawo yesi-5 linqanaba lokuxuba le-motive fluid kunye ne-pumped fluid.
Ulwelo olunesantya esiphezulu oluyilwe lulwelo oluguquguqukayo kwicandelo lokuphuma lombhobho osebenzayo (icandelo elikwindawo yesi-3) liya kwenza indawo yokufunxa kufuphi nendawo yokuphuma yombhobho osebenzayo, ukuze ulwelo olufunxayo olukufutshane noxinzelelo oluphezulu lufunxe. phantsi kwesenzo somohluko woxinzelelo. kwigumbi lokuxuba. Ulwelo olumponthiweyo lufunxwa kwigumbi lokuxuba kwindawo ye-9 yecandelo. Ngethuba lokuhamba ukusuka kwinqanaba le-9 ukuya kwinqanaba le-5, isantya sompompo we-pumped fluid sikhula ngokuqhubekayo, kwaye uxinzelelo luqhubeka luhla kumandla ngexesha lecandelo ukusuka kwinqanaba le-9 ukuya kwinqanaba le-3. Uxinzelelo lolwelo kwindawo yokuphuma yombhobho osebenzayo (inqaku lesi-3).
Kwicandelo legumbi lokuxuba kunye necandelo elingaphambili lomqala (icandelo ukusuka kwinqanaba le-3 ukuya kwinqanaba le-6), i-motive fluid kunye ne-fluid ephonswayo iqala ukuxubana, kwaye ukukhawuleza kunye namandla atshintshisana, kwaye amandla e-kinetic aguqulwa kwi Uxinzelelo lwamandla anokubakho kulwelo olushukumisayo lukhutshelwa kulwelo olumponthiweyo. ulwelo, ukuze isantya solwelo oluguquguqukayo sinciphe ngokuthe ngcembe, isantya somzimba ofunxayo siyanda ngokuthe ngcembe, kwaye izantya ezimbini ziyancipha ngokuthe ngcembe kwaye zisondele. Ekugqibeleni, kwinqanaba le-4, izantya ezimbini zifikelela kwisantya esifanayo, kwaye umqala kunye ne-diffuser ye-venturi ikhutshwe.
三:Ukuqulunqwa kunye nomgaqo wokusebenza weqela lempompo elizikhuphayo elisebenzisa ukuphuma kwerhasi ephuma kwi-injini yedizili ukufumana ivacuum.
Umbhobho we-injini ye-diesel ubhekiselele kwigesi yokukhupha ekhutshwa yi-injini ye-diesel emva kokutshisa i-oyile ye-diesel. Yeyokukhupha igesi, kodwa le gesi yokukhupha inomlinganiselo othile wobushushu noxinzelelo. Emva kokuvavanywa ngamasebe ophando afanelekileyo, uxinzelelo lwegesi yokukhupha igesi ekhutshwe kwi-injini ye-diesel exhotywe nge-turbocharger [3] Inokufikelela kwi-0.2MPa. Ukusuka kumbono wokusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwamandla, ukukhuselwa kwendalo kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zokusebenza, kuye kwaba sisihloko sophando ukusebenzisa igesi yokukhupha ekhutshwe ekusebenzeni kwe-injini ye-diesel. I-turbocharger [3] isebenzisa igesi yokuphuma ekhutshwa ekusebenzeni kwenjini yedizili. Njengenxalenye yokuqhuba amandla, isetyenziselwa ukwandisa uxinzelelo lomoya ongena kwi-cylinder ye-injini ye-diesel, ukuze injini ye-diesel itshiswe ngokupheleleyo, ukuze kuphuculwe ukusebenza kwamandla enjini ye-diesel, ukuphucula i-injini ye-diesel. amandla, ukuphucula uqoqosho lwamafutha kunye nokunciphisa ingxolo. Oku kulandelayo luhlobo lokusetyenziswa kwegesi yokukhupha ekhutshwe ekusebenzeni kwe-injini ye-diesel njengolwelo lwamandla, kunye negesi ekwigumbi lokumpompa lempompo ye-centrifugal kunye nombhobho wokungena wamanzi wempompo ye-centrifugal utsalwa ngaphandle nge-venturi. ityhubhu, kunye ne-vacuum iveliswa kwigumbi lempompo yempompo ye-centrifugal kunye nombhobho wokungena kwamanzi wempompo ye-centrifugal. Ngaphantsi kwesenzo soxinzelelo lwe-atmospheric, amanzi angaphantsi kunomthombo wamanzi wokungenwa kwempompo ye-centrifugal angena kumbhobho wokungena wempompo ye-centrifugal kunye nomngxuma wempompo wempompo ye-centrifugal, ngaloo ndlela egcwalisa umbhobho wokungena kunye nomngxuma wempompo we-centrifugal. impompo, kwaye iqalisa impompo ye-centrifugal ukuphumeza unikezelo lwamanzi oluqhelekileyo. Ubume bayo buboniswe kuMfanekiso 2, kwaye inkqubo yokusebenza ihamba ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
Njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 2, isiziba samanzi sempompo ye-centrifugal siqhagamshelwe kumbhobho ontywiliselwe kwidama elingaphantsi kompompo wamanzi, kwaye umbhobho wamanzi udityaniswe kwivalve yokukhupha impompo yamanzi kunye nombhobho. Phambi kokuba i-injini ye-diesel ihambe, ivalve yokuphuma kwamanzi yempompo eyi-centrifugal iyavalwa, ivalve yesango (6) iyavulwa, kwaye impompo ye-centrifugal yahlulwe kwi-injini ye-diesel ngokusebenzisa i-clutch. Emva kokuba injini yedizili iqalisile kwaye isebenza ngokuqhelekileyo, ivalve yesango (2) iyavalwa, kwaye igesi yokuphuma ephuma kwinjini yedizili ingena kumbhobho we-venturi ngombhobho wokuphuma (4) osuka kwisigqubuthelo sombane, ize ikhutshwe kumbhobho wokukhupha umoya ( 11). Kule nkqubo, ngokomgaqo wetyhubhu ye-venturi, igesi ekwigumbi lempompo yempompo ye-centrifugal ingena kwityhubhu ye-venturi ngevalve yesango kunye nombhobho wokukhupha, kwaye ixutywe negesi yokuphuma kwi-injini ye-diesel kwaye emva koko ikhutshwe. umbhobho wokukhupha. Ngale ndlela, ivacuum yenziwa kwindawo yempompo yempompo ye-centrifugal kunye nombhobho wokungena wamanzi wempompo ye-centrifugal, kwaye amanzi kumthombo wamanzi asezantsi kunokungena kwamanzi kwimpompo ye-centrifugal angena kumngxuma wempompo yempompo ye-centrifugal. ngombhobho wokungena kwamanzi wempompo ye-centrifugal phantsi kwesenzo soxinzelelo lwe-atmospheric. Xa umgodi wempompo ophakathi kunye nombhobho wokungena wamanzi uzaliswe ngamanzi, vala ivalve yesango (6), vula ivalve yesango (2), uqhagamshele impompo ephakathi nenjini yedizili kwiclutshi, uze uvule amanzi. ivalve yokuphuma yempompo ye-centrifugal, ukuze iseti yempompo ye-diesel iqalise ukusebenza ngokuqhelekileyo. ubonelelo ngamanzi. Emva kovavanyo, iseti yempompo ye-injini ye-diesel inokufunxa amanzi kwiimitha ezi-2 ngaphantsi kombhobho wokungena wempompo ye-centrifugal ukuya kumngxuma wempompo ye-centrifugal.
Eli qela likhankanywe ngasentla le-injini ye-diesel self-priming pump lisebenzisa i-exhaust gas flow esuka kwi-injini ye-diesel ukufumana i-vacuum inezi mpawu zilandelayo:
1. Ukusombulula ngokufanelekileyo umthamo wokuzimela we-injini yedizili yempompo;
2. I-tube ye-Venturi incinci ngobukhulu, ilula ngesisindo kunye ne-compact kwisakhiwo, kwaye iindleko zayo ziphantsi kunezo zeenkqubo zempompo ze-vacuum eziqhelekileyo. Ke ngoko, iseti yempompo ye-injini ye-diesel yesi sakhiwo igcina indawo ehlala izixhobo kunye neendleko zofakelo, kwaye inciphisa iindleko zobunjineli.
3. Iseti yempompo ye-injini ye-diesel yesi sakhiwo yenza ukusetyenziswa kwempompo ye-injini ye-diesel iseti ngokubanzi kwaye iphucula uluhlu lokusetyenziswa kweseti yempompo ye-injini ye-diesel;
4. I-tube ye-Venturi kulula ukuyisebenzisa kwaye kulula ukuyigcina. Ayifuni basebenzi bexesha elizeleyo ukuyilawula. Kuba akukho nxalenye yothumelo lomatshini, ingxolo iphantsi kwaye akukho oli yokuthambisa kufuneka ityiwe.
5. I-tube ye-Venturi inesakhiwo esilula kunye nobomi benkonzo ende.
Isizathu sokuba iseti yempompo ye-injini ye-diesel yolu lwakhiwo inokufunxa kumanzi angaphantsi kune-inlet yamanzi yempompo ye-centrifugal, kwaye isebenzise ngokupheleleyo igesi yokukhupha ekhutshwe ekusebenzeni kwe-injini ye-diesel ukuba ihambe ngecandelo elingundoqo le-Venturi ityhubhu. ngesantya esiphezulu, yenza i-injini ye-diesel impompo iseti engenawo umsebenzi wokuzihlaziya ekuqaleni. Ngomsebenzi wokuziqala.
四: Phucula umphakamo wokufunxa amanzi kwiseti yempompo yenjini yedizili
I-injini ye-diesel ye-self-priming pump isethi echazwe ngasentla inomsebenzi wokuzihlaziya ngokusebenzisa i-gas ephumayo ekhutshwe kwi-injini ye-diesel ukuba ihambe kwi-tube ye-Venturi ukufumana i-vacuum. Nangona kunjalo, ulwelo lwamandla kwimpompo ye-injini ye-diesel ebekwe kunye nesi sakhiwo yigesi yokukhupha ekhutshwe yi-injini ye-diesel, kwaye uxinzelelo luphantsi, ngoko ke, i-vacuum esiphumo nayo iphantsi kakhulu, ethintela ukuphakama kwamanzi kwi-centrifugal. impompo kwaye ikwanciphisa ukusetyenziswa koluhlu lweseti yempompo. Ukuba ukuphakama kokufunxa kwempompo ye-centrifugal kuya kwandiswa, idigri ye-vacuum yendawo yokufunxa yetyhubhu ye-Venturi kufuneka yandiswe. Ngokomgaqo wokusebenza wetyhubhu yeVenturi, ukuphucula idigri yevacuum yendawo yokufunxa yeVenturi, umlomo osebenzayo wombhobho weVenturi kufuneka uyilwe. Inokuba luhlobo lombhobho we-sonic, okanye uhlobo lombhobho we-supersonic, kwaye yonyuse uxinzelelo lwangaphambili lolwelo oluguquguqukayo oluqukuqela kwi-venturi.
Ukwandisa uxinzelelo lwangaphambili lweVenturi ye-motive fluid equkuqelayo kwiseti yempompo ye-diesel, i-turbocharger inokufakwa kumbhobho wokukhupha we-injini ye-diesel [3]. I-Turbocharger [3] sisixhobo sokucinezela umoya, esisebenzisa impembelelo yangaphakathi yerhasi yokukhupha ekhutshwa kwi-injini ukutyhala i-injini yomoya kwigumbi leinjini yomoya, i-injini yomoya iqhuba i-coaxial impeller, kwaye i-impeller icinezela umoya. Ubume bayo kunye nomgaqo wokusebenza uboniswe kuMfanekiso 3. I-turbocharger yahlulwe yaba ziindidi ezintathu: uxinzelelo oluphezulu, uxinzelelo oluphakathi kunye noxinzelelo oluphantsi. Imveliso ecinezelekileyo yoxinzelelo lwegesi yile: uxinzelelo oluphezulu lungaphezulu kwe-0.3MPa, uxinzelelo oluphakathi luyi-0.1-0.3MPa, uxinzelelo oluphantsi lungaphantsi kwe-0.1MPa, kunye nemveliso yegesi ecinezelweyo yi-turbocharger uxinzelelo luzinzile. Ukuba igalelo legesi ecinezelweyo yi-turbocharger lisetyenziswa njengolwelo lwamandla e-Venturi, iqondo eliphezulu le-vacuum lingafumaneka, oko kukuthi, ukuphakama kwamanzi kwiseti yempompo ye-injini ye-diesel kwandiswa.
五: izigqibo:I-injini ye-diesel self-priming pump iqela elisebenzisa ukuhamba kwegesi ephumayo ukusuka kwi-injini ye-diesel ukufumana i-vacuum isebenzisa ngokupheleleyo ukuhamba ngesantya esiphezulu segesi yokukhupha, ityhubhu ye-venturi kunye netekhnoloji ye-turbocharging eyenziwe ngexesha lokusebenza kwedizili. injini yokukhupha irhasi kumngxuma wempompo kunye nombhobho wokungena wamanzi wempompo ye-centrifugal. Ivacuum iyenziwa, kwaye amanzi angaphantsi kunomthombo wamanzi wempompo ye-centrifugal afunxwa kumbhobho wokungena wamanzi kunye nempompo yempompo yempompo ye-centrifugal, ukuze iqela lempompo ye-injini ye-diesel libe nesiphumo sokuzimela. Iseti yempompo ye-injini ye-diesel yesi sakhiwo ineenzuzo zesakhiwo esilula, ukusebenza kakuhle kunye neendleko eziphantsi, kunye nokuphucula uluhlu lokusetyenziswa kweseti yepompo ye-dizeli.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-17-2022