Abstract: Iri bepa rinounza injini yedhiziri yega-priming pump unit iyo inoshandisa exhaust gasi kuyerera kubva muinjini yedhiziri kuwana vacuum, kusanganisira centrifugal pombi, injini yedhiziri, clutch, venturi chubhu, muffler, exhaust pombi, nezvimwewo. injini yedhiziri inoumbwa ne clutch uye coupling. Iyo muffler yakabatana neinopinza shaft ye centrifugal pombi, uye gedhi revhavha rinoiswa pachiteshi chekuburitsa chemuffler yejini yedhiziri; pombi yekuburitsa inorongedzerwa padivi remuffler, uye pombi yekupedza yakabatana nemhepo inopinza ye venturi pombi, uye padivi pe venturi pombi Iyo nzira yemugwagwa yakabatana nechiteshi chekuburitsa chekamuri yepombi yepombi. pombi yecentrifugal, vharuvhu yegedhi uye vacuum yenzira imwe-vharuvhu yakaiswa papombi, uye pombi yekubuda nayo yakabatana nechiteshi chekuburitsa cheventuri chubhu. Gasi rinobuda muinjini yedhiziri rinokandirwa mu venturi chubhu, uye gasi riri mukamuri yepombi yepombi yecentrifugal uye pombi inopinza mvura yepombi yecentrifugal inopombwa kuti igadzire vacuum, kuitira kuti mvura idzike kupfuura mvura. mvura yekupinza yepombi yecentrifugal inosvetwa mukamuri yepombi kuti iwane mvura yakajairika.
Injini yepombi yedhiziri inhengo yepombi yemvura inoshandiswa nejini yedhiziri, iyo inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukudonha, kudiridza kwekurima, kudzivirira moto uye kutamisa mvura kwenguva pfupi. Diesel injini pombi inowanzoshandiswa mumamiriro ezvinhu apo mvura inotorwa kubva pasi pemvura inopinza yepombi yemvura. Parizvino, nzira dzinotevera dzinowanzoshandiswa pakupomba mvura mumamiriro ezvinhu aya:
01、 Isa vharafu yepasi panoperera pombi inopinza yepombi yemvura mudziva rekusveta: pombi yedhiziri isati yatangwa, zadza pombi yemvura nemvura. Mushure mekunge mweya uri mukamuri yepombi uye pombi inopinza mvura yepombi yemvura yapera, tanga pombi yeinjini yedhiziri yaiswa kuti uwane mvura yakajairika. Sezvo vheji yepasi yakaiswa pasi pechidziva, kana vheji yepasi ikakundikana, kuchengetedza kunonyanya kukanganisa. Uyezve, kune yakakura-inoyerera dizeli injini seti yepombi, nekuda kwepombi hombe yepombi uye dhayamita rakakura repombi yekupinza mvura, mvura yakawanda inodiwa, uye dhigirii re automation rakaderera, izvo zvinonyanya kukanganisa kushandisa. .
02, Injini yepombi yedhiziri yakashongedzerwa ine dizeli injini yekuvharira pombi seti: nekutanga kutanga injini yedhiziri yekutsvaira pombi seti, mhepo iri mukamuri yepombi uye pombi yekupinza mvura yepombi yemvura inopombwa kunze, nekudaro ichigadzira vacuum. , uye mvura iri muchitubu chemvura inopinda mupombi yepombi yemvura inopinza uye mukamuri yepombi pasi pekuita kwemhepo yemhepo. Mukati, tangazve injini yedhiziri pombi yakaiswa kuti uwane yakajairika mvura. Iyo pombi yevacuum mune iyi nzira yekunyudza mvura inodawo kufambiswa neinjini yedhiziri, uye pombi yevacuum inoda kuve yakashongedzerwa nemhepo-yemvura inoparadzanisa, iyo isingango wedzera nzvimbo yakagarwa yemidziyo, asiwo inowedzera mutengo wemidziyo. .
03 , Pombi yekuzvimisikidza inofananidzwa neinjini yedhiziri: pombi yekuzvimisikidza ine yakaderera kunyatsoshanda uye yakakura vhoriyamu, uye iyo yega-priming pombi ine kuyerera kudiki uye yakaderera kusimudza, iyo isingakwanise kuzadzisa zvinodiwa zvekushandisa muzviitiko zvakawanda. . Kuti udzikise mutengo wemidziyo yepombi yedhiziri, kuderedza nzvimbo inogarwa nepombi seti, wedzera huwandu hwekushandisa hwepombi yedhiziri seti, uye kushandisa zvizere gasi rekupedza simba rinogadzirwa neinjini yedhiziri inomhanya kumusoro. kumhanya nemuVenturi chubhu [1], centrifugal pombi mhango uye centrifugal pombi inopinda Gasi iri mupombi yemvura inoburitswa kuburikidza nekusveta interface ye venturi chubhu yakabatana nechiteshi chekuburitsa chepakati pombi yekamuri yepombi, uye vacuum iri. inogadzirwa mukamuri yepombi yepombi yecentrifugal uye pombi inopinza mvura yepombi yecentrifugal, uye mvura iri muchitubu yakadzika pane inopinza yepombi yecentrifugal iri paIpasi pekuita kwemhepo yemhepo, inopinda mupombi inopinza mvura. yepombi yemvura uye pombi yepombi yepombi yecentrifugal, nokudaro vachizadza pombi yepombi inopinza mvura yepombi yecentrifugal uye pombi yepombi yepombi yecentrifugal, uyezve inotanga clutch yekubatanidza injini yedhiziri nepombi yecentrifugal, uye centrifugal. pombi inotanga kuwana mvura yakajairika.
二: nheyo yekushanda yeVenturi tube
Venturi mudziyo wekutora vacuum unoshandisa fluid kutamisa simba uye huwandu. Chimiro chayo chakajairika chinoratidzwa muMufananidzo 1. Inosanganisira muromo unoshanda, nzvimbo yekusveta, musanganiswa wekamuri, huro uye diffuser. Ivacuum jenareta. Chinhu chikuru chemudziyo chinhu chitsva, chinoshanda, chakachena uye chehupfumi chevacuum chinhu chinoshandisa yakanaka pressure fluid sosi kugadzira kudzvanya kwakashata. Maitiro ekushanda ekuwana vacuum ndeaya anotevera:
01 , Chikamu kubva papoint 1 kusvika point 3 ndiyo nhanho yekumhanyisa yemvura ine simba mumuromo unoshanda. Iyo yakakwira yekumanikidza motive fluid inopinda mumuromo unoshanda we venturi pane yakaderera velocity pane inoshanda nozzle inlet (point 1 chikamu). Kana ichiyerera muchikamu chetapered chebasa rekushanda (chikamu 1 kusvika kuchikamu 2), inogona kuzivikanwa kubva kumagetsi mechanics kuti, nokuda kwekuenderera equation ye incompressible fluid [2], iyo ine simba inoyerera inoyerera Q1 yechikamu 1 uye simba rine simba. chechikamu 2 Hukama huri pakati pekuyerera kweQ2 yemvura ndeye Q1 = Q2,
Scilicet A1v1= A2v2
Muchidimbu, A1, A2 - nzvimbo yemuchinjikwa-chikamu chepfungwa 1 uye pfungwa 2 (m2);
v1, v2 - vheji yemvura inoyerera ichipfuura nepakati pechikamu che1 uye chikamu chechipiri, m / s.
Inogona kuonekwa kubva pane chirevo chepamusoro kuti kuwedzera kwechikamu chemuchinjikwa, kuyerera kwevelocity kunoderera; kuderedzwa kwechikamu chemuchinjikwa, kuyerera kwevelocity kunowedzera.
Pamapombi akachinjika, zvinoenderana neBernoulli's equation yezvinwiwa zvisingamisikike
P1+ (1/2)*ρv12=P2+(1/2)ρv22
Mune fomula, P1, P2 - iyo inoenderana kumanikidza pamuchinjiko-chikamu chepoindi 1 uye poindi 2 (Pa)
v1, v2 - fluid velocity (m/s) inoyerera nechikamu papoint 1 uye point 2
ρ - kuwanda kwemvura (kg/m³)
Zvinogona kuonekwa kubva pane chirevo chiri pamusoro apa kuti kuyerera kwevheji yemvura ine simba inowedzera nguva dzose uye kudzvinyirira kunoramba kuchiderera kubva pachikamu che1 kusvika kune chikamu chechipiri. Kana v2> v1, P1> P2, kana v2 ichiwedzera kune imwe kukosha (inogona kusvika kumhanya kwezwi), P2 ichave isingasviki imwe yemhepo yemhepo, ndiko kuti, kudzvanywa kwakashata kuchagadzirwa pachikamu chechitatu.
Kana iyo motive fluid ichipinda muchikamu chekuwedzera cheiyo muromo unoshanda, ndiko kuti, chikamu kubva pachinhanho 2 kusvika kune chikamu padanho 3, kukurumidza kweiyo motive fluid inoramba ichikwira, uye kudzvanywa kunoramba kuchidonha. Kana iyo mvura ine simba inosvika pachikamu chekubuda chemuromo wekushanda (chikamu padanho 3), kukurumidza kwemvura ine simba inosvika pakakwirira uye inogona kusvika supersonic kumhanya. Panguva ino, kudzvinyirirwa pachikamu pachikamu che3 kunosvika zvishoma, kureva kuti, dhigirii yevacuum inosvika pakakwirira, iyo inogona kusvika 90Kpa.
02., Chikamu kubva pachinhanho chetatu kusvika pachinhanho chechishanu ndiyo nhanho yekusanganisa yemotive fluid uye iyo inopomba fluid.
Mvura inomhanya-mhanya inoumbwa neiyo ine simba pachikamu chekubuda chemhino inoshanda (chikamu padanho 3) inogadzira nzvimbo yekutsvaira padhuze nekubuda kwemuromo webasa, kuitira kuti mvura yakasvetwa padhuze nedzvinyiriro yakakwira inoyamwa. pasi pechiito chekudzvinyirira kusiyana. muimba yekuvhenganisa. Mvura inopomba inosvetwa mukamuri yekusanganisa pachikamu che9. Munguva yekuyerera kubva pachikamu che9 kusvika kune chikamu che5, kukurumidza kwemvura inoputika inowedzera nguva dzose, uye kudzvinyirira kunoramba kuchidonhera kune simba panguva yechikamu kubva pachikamu che9 kusvika kune chikamu che3. Kudzvinyirirwa kwemvura pachikamu chekubuda chebasa rekushanda (point 3).
Muchikamu chekamuri yekusanganisa uye chikamu chepamberi chehuro (chikamu kubva padanho 3 kusvika padanho 6), iyo motive fluid uye mvura inopomba inotanga kusanganiswa, uye kukurumidza uye simba zvinotsinhaniswa, uye kinetic simba rinoshandurwa kubva dzvinyiriro inogona simba yemotive fluid inoendeswa kune inopomba fluid. mvura, kuitira kuti kukurumidza kwemvura ine simba kuderera zvishoma nezvishoma, kukurumidza kwemuviri wakayamwa kunowedzera zvishoma nezvishoma, uye mavheji maviri anoderera zvishoma nezvishoma uye kusvika. Pakupedzisira, pachikamu che4, nhanho mbiri dzinosvika pakumhanya kwakafanana, uye huro uye diffuser ye venturi zvinobudiswa.
三:Iko kuumbwa uye kushanda musimboti weiyo-self-priming pombi boka rinoshandisa kubuda kwegasi kuyerera kubva muinjini yedhiziri kuwana vacuum.
Diesel exhaust zvinoreva gasi rinobuda nedhiziri mushure mekupisa mafuta edhiziri. Ndeye gasi rekupedza simba, asi gasi rekupedza simba iri rine huwandu hwekupisa nekumanikidza. Mushure mekuyedzwa nemadhipatimendi akakodzera ekutsvagisa, kudzvanywa kwegasi rekuburitsa rinoburitswa kubva muinjini yedhiziri ine turbocharger [3] Inogona kusvika 0.2MPa. Kubva pamaonero ekushandisa simba zvine simba, kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza uye kudzikiswa kwemitengo yekushandisa, yave nyaya yekutsvagisa kushandisa gasi rekuburitsa rinoburitswa mukushanda kweinjini yedhiziri. Turbocharger [3] inoshandisa exhaust gasi inoburitswa mukushanda kweinjini yedhiziri. Sesimba rinomhanya chikamu, rinoshandiswa kuwedzera kudzvanywa kwemhepo inopinda mucylinder yeinjini yedhiziri, kuitira kuti injini yedhiziri inogona kupiswa zvizere, kuitira kuvandudza kushanda kwesimba reinjini yedhiziri, kunatsiridza iyo chaiyo. simba, kuvandudza hupfumi hwemafuta uye kuderedza ruzha. Inotevera imhando yekushandiswa kwegasi rekuburitsa rinoburitswa kubva mukushanda kweinjini yedhiziri semvura ine simba, uye gasi mukamuri yepombi yepombi yecentrifugal uye pombi yekupinza mvura yepombi yecentrifugal inoburitswa kuburikidza neventuri. chubhu, uye vacuum inogadzirwa mukamuri yepombi yepombi yecentrifugal uye pombi inopinza mvura yepombi yecentrifugal. Pasi pekuita kweatmospheric pressure, mvura yakadzikira kudarika mvura yekupinza pombi yecentrifugal inopinda mupombi inopinza yepombi yecentrifugal uye pombi yepombi yepombi yecentrifugal, nokudaro ichizadza pombi inopinza uye pombi yepombi yecentrifugal. pombi, uye inotanga pombi yecentrifugal kuwana mvura yakajairika. Chimiro chayo chinoratidzwa muMufananidzo 2, uye maitiro ekushanda ndeaya:
Sezvinoratidzwa muMufananidzo 2, mvura inopinza yepombi yecentrifugal yakabatana nepombi yakanyudzwa mudziva riri pazasi pepombi yemvura, uye pombi yemvura yakabatana nevharuvhu yepombi yemvura uye pombi. Injini yedhiziri isati yatanga, vharuvhu yekubudisira mvura yepombi yecentrifugal inovharwa, vharuvhu yegedhi (6) inovhurwa, uye pombi yecentrifugal inoparadzaniswa kubva painjini yedhiziri kuburikidza neclutch. Mushure mekunge injini yedhiziri yatanga uye ichimhanya zvakajairika, vharafu yegedhi (2) yakavharwa, uye gasi rinobuda kubva muinjini yedhiziri rinopinda mupombi ye venturi kuburikidza nepombi yekuburitsa (4) kubva kune muffler, uye inoburitswa kubva papombi yekuburitsa ( 11). Mukuita uku, maererano nemusimboti we venturi chubhu, gasi mukamuri yepombi yepombi yecentrifugal inopinda mu venturi chubhu kuburikidza nevhavha yegedhi uye pombi yekuburitsa pombi, uye inosanganiswa nemhepo yekubuda kubva muinjini yedhiziri uye yobva yaburitswa kubva. pombi inopedza simba. Nenzira iyi, vacuum inoumbwa mugomba repombi yepombi yecentrifugal uye pombi yemvura inopinza yepombi yecentrifugal, uye mvura iri mutsime remvura yakadzikira pane inopinza mvura yepombi yecentrifugal inopinda mugomba repombi yecentrifugal. kuburikidza nemvura inopinza pombi yepombi yecentrifugal pasi pekuita kwemhepo yemhepo. Kana pombi yepombi yecentrifugal nepombi inopinza mvura zvazadzwa nemvura, vhara vharuvhu yegedhi (6), vhura vharafu yegedhi (2), batanidza pombi yepakati neinjini yedhiziri kuburikidza neclutch, uye vhura mvura. kubuda kwevharuvhu yepombi yecentrifugal, kuitira kuti injini yepombi yedhiziri itange kushanda zvakajairika. mvura. Mushure mekuedzwa, seti yepombi yedhiziri inogona kuyamwa mvura nemamita maviri pazasi pepombi inopinza yepombi yecentrifugal ichipinda mugomba repombi yecentrifugal.
Iyo yadudzwa pamusoro dhiziri injini yekuzvimisikidza pombi boka uchishandisa exhaust gasi inoyerera kubva muinjini yedhiziri kuwana vacuum ine zvinotevera maitiro:
1. Kunyatsogadzirisa iyo yega-priming kugona kwedhiziri injini pombi set;
2. Venturi chubhu idiki muhukuru, huremu huremu uye compact muchimiro, uye mutengo wayo wakaderera pane weakajairika vacuum pombi masisitimu. Naizvozvo, iyo dizeli injini yepombi seti yechimiro ichi inochengetedza nzvimbo inogarwa nemidziyo uye mutengo wekuisa, uye inoderedza mutengo weinjiniya.
3. Iyo dhiziri yepombi yepombi yegadziriro iyi inoita kuti kushandiswa kwepombi ye dizeli kugadzike kwakawedzera uye inovandudza kushandiswa kwepombi yepombi yedizeli;
4. Venturi tube iri nyore kushanda uye iri nyore kuchengetedza. Hazvidi vashandi venguva yakazara kuti vazvitungamirire. Sezvo pasina mechanical transmission chikamu, ruzha rwakaderera uye hapana mafuta ekuzora anoda kudyiwa.
5. Venturi tube ine chimiro chiri nyore uye hupenyu hurefu hwebasa.
Chikonzero nei pombi yedhiziri seti yechimiro ichi inogona kusveta mumvura yakaderera pane yekupinza yemvura yepombi yecentrifugal, uye kushandisa zvizere gasi rekuburitsa rinoburitswa kubva mukushanda kweinjini yedhiziri kuti riyerere nepakati pechikamu cheVenturi chubhu. pakumhanya kukuru, inoita kuti dizeli injini yepombi igadzikane iyo isina iyo yekuzvimisira basa pakutanga. With self-priming basa.
四: Kuvandudza kunyura kwemvura kweiyo dizeli injini pombi set
Injini yedhiziri yekuzvimisira pombi inotsanangurwa pamusoro ine inozvigadzira-yega basa nekushandisa exhaust gasi rinoburitswa kubva muinjini yedhiziri kuti riyerere nemuVenturi chubhu kuwana vacuum. Nekudaro, iyo simba remvura mupombi yeinjini yedhiziri rakaiswa neichi chimiro ndiyo gasi rekuburitsa rinoburitswa neinjini yedhiziri, uye kudzvanywa kwakadzikira, saka, iyo inokonzeresa vacuum zvakare yakadzikira, iyo inomisa kunyura kwemvura kureba kwecentrifugal. pombi uye zvakare inodzikamisa kushandiswa kwemhando yepombi set. Kana kureba kwekukwevera kwepombi yecentrifugal kuchizowedzerwa, iyo vacuum degree yenzvimbo yekusveta yeVenturi chubhu inofanirwa kuwedzerwa. Zvinoenderana nemusimboti wekushanda weVenturi chubhu, kuvandudza iyo vacuum degree yenzvimbo yekusveta yeVenturi chubhu, muromo unoshanda weVenturi chubhu unofanirwa kugadzirwa. Inogona kuve sonic nozzle mhando, kana kunyange supersonic nozzle mhando, uye zvakare kuwedzera iyo yepakutanga kudzvanywa kweiyo ine simba fluid inoyerera kuburikidza ne venturi.
Kuwedzera kudzvanywa kwekutanga kweVenturi motive fluid inoyerera mudhiziri pombi yepombi, turbocharger inogona kuiswa mupombi yekupopota yeinjini yedhiziri [3]. Turbocharger [3] mudziyo wekudzvanya mhepo, uyo unoshandisa inertial impuls ye exhaust gasi inoburitswa kubva muinjini kusundira turbine mukamuri returbine, turbine inotyaira coaxial impeller, uye indeller inomanikidza mhepo. Chimiro chayo uye nheyo yekushanda inoratidzwa muMufananidzo 3. Iyo turbocharger yakakamurwa kuva marudzi matatu: high pressure, medium pressure uye low pressure. Iyo inobuda yakadzvanywa gasi matsimba ndeiyi: high pressure yakakura kupfuura 0.3MPa, yepakati pressure i0.1-0.3MPa, low pressure iri pasi pe0.1MPa, uye iyo compressed gasi inobuda ne turbocharger ipressure haina kugadzikana. Kana iyo yakamanikidzwa gasi inopinza neiyo turbocharger inoshandiswa seVenturi simba remvura, dhigirii repamusoro rekutsvaira rinogona kuwanikwa, kureva kuti, kukwirisa kwemvura kwepombi yedhiziri inowedzerwa.
五: mhedziso:Injini yedhiziri yega-priming pombi boka rinoshandisa kubuda kwegasi kuyerera kubva muinjini yedhiziri kuti iwane vacuum inoshandisa yakazara-yepamusoro-kumhanya kuyerera kwegasi rekubuda, iyo venturi chubhu uye tekinoroji yeturbocharging inogadzirwa panguva yekushanda kwedhiziri. injini yekubvisa gasi mugomba repombi uye pombi inopinza mvura yepombi yecentrifugal. Vacuum inogadzirwa, uye mvura yakadzikira pane sosi yemvura yepombi yecentrifugal inosvetwa mupombi inopinza yemvura uye pombi yepombi yepombi yecentrifugal, kuitira kuti boka repombi yedhiziri rive nekuzvigadzirisa. Iyo dizeli injini yepombi seti yechimiro ichi ine zvakanakira chimiro chakareruka, mashandiro ari nyore uye mutengo wakaderera, uye inovandudza kushandiswa kwemhando yepombi yedhiziri seti.
Nguva yekutumira: Aug-17-2022