Pampu yosakanikirana ya shaft yosakanikirana ndi yapakatikati ndi yayikulu yamtundu wa mpope yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito chosinthira chalade kuti chiwongolere masamba a mpope kuti azungulire, potero amasintha mawonekedwe a tsamba kuti akwaniritse kuyenda ndi kusintha kwamutu. Sing'anga yayikulu yotumizira ndi madzi aukhondo kapena zimbudzi zopepuka pa 0 ~ 50 ℃ (zowulutsa zapadera zimaphatikiza madzi a m'nyanja ndi madzi a Yellow River). Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'mapulojekiti osungira madzi, ulimi wothirira, ngalande ndi kupatutsa madzi, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mapulojekiti ambiri a dziko monga South-to-North Water Diversion Project ndi Yangtze River to Huaihe River Diversion Project.
Masamba a shaft ndi pampu yosakanikirana imasokonekera. Pamene machitidwe a mpope achoka pamapangidwewo, chiŵerengero chapakati pa liwiro la circumferential cha mkati ndi kunja kwa masamba amawonongeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kukweza kopangidwa ndi masamba (airfoils) pa radii yosiyana sikukhalenso kofanana, potero kuchititsa kuti madzi aziyenda mu mpope kukhala chipwirikiti ndi kutayika kwa madzi kuchulukirachulukira; Kutalikirana ndi malo opangirako, kumapangitsa kuti madzi asokonezeke kwambiri komanso kutaya madzi. Mapampu a axial ndi osakanikirana amakhala ndi mutu wochepa komanso malo ocheperako ochita bwino kwambiri. Kusintha kwa mutu wawo wogwirira ntchito kudzachepetsa kwambiri mphamvu ya mpope. Chifukwa chake, mapampu a axial ndi osakanikirana nthawi zambiri sangagwiritse ntchito kuponderezana, kutembenuka ndi njira zina zosinthira kuti asinthe momwe magwiridwe antchito amagwirira ntchito; panthawi imodzimodziyo, chifukwa mtengo wa kayendetsedwe ka liwiro ndi wokwera kwambiri, kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kabwino kakuwonjezeka bwanji. Popeza mapampu a axial ndi osakanikirana ali ndi thupi lokulirapo, ndikosavuta kukhazikitsa masamba ndi njira zolumikizira ndodo zomwe zimatha kusintha ngodya. Chifukwa chake, kusintha kwa magwiridwe antchito a mapampu axial ndi osakanikirana otaya nthawi zambiri kumatenga kusintha kosinthika, komwe kungapangitse mapampu a axial ndi osakanikirana akuyenda pansi pamikhalidwe yabwino kwambiri yogwirira ntchito.
Pamene kusiyana kwa msinkhu wa madzi kumtunda ndi kumtunda kumawonjezeka (ndiko kuti, mutu wa ukonde ukuwonjezeka), ngodya yoyika tsamba imasinthidwa kukhala mtengo wochepa. Pokhala ndi magwiridwe antchito apamwamba, kuchuluka kwa madzi kumachepetsedwa moyenerera kuti injini isalepheretse; pamene kusiyana kwa msinkhu wa madzi kumtunda ndi kumtunda kumachepa (ndiko kuti, mutu wa ukonde umachepa), malo opangira tsamba amasinthidwa kukhala mtengo wokulirapo kuti athetse bwino galimotoyo ndikulola mpope wamadzi kupopera madzi ambiri. Mwachidule, kugwiritsa ntchito shaft ndi mapampu othamanga osakanikirana omwe amatha kusintha mbali ya tsamba amatha kupangitsa kuti ikhale yogwira ntchito bwino kwambiri, kupewa kutsekeka mokakamiza komanso kuchita bwino kwambiri komanso kupopera madzi ambiri.
Kuonjezera apo, pamene unityo yayambika, mbali yoyika masamba ikhoza kusinthidwa kukhala yochepa, yomwe ingachepetse katundu woyambira wa injini (pafupifupi 1/3 ~ 2/3 ya mphamvu yovotera); musanatseke, mbali ya tsamba ikhoza kusinthidwa kukhala mtengo wochepa, womwe ukhoza kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa mmbuyo ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi akuyenda mu mpope panthawi yotseka, ndi kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa kayendedwe ka madzi pazida.
Mwachidule, zotsatira za kusintha kwa ngodya ndizofunika: ① Kusintha ngodya kukhala yamtengo wapatali kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuyamba ndi kutseka; ② Kusintha ngodya kukhala mtengo wokulirapo kumawonjezera kuthamanga; ③ Kusintha ngodya kumatha kupangitsa kuti pampu igwire ntchito mwachuma. Zitha kuwoneka kuti chosinthira cha blade angle chimakhala ndi malo ofunikira kwambiri pakugwira ntchito ndi kuyang'anira malo opopera apakati ndi akulu.
Thupi lalikulu la pampu yosakanikirana ya shaft yosakanikirana imakhala ndi magawo atatu: mutu wa mpope, chowongolera, ndi mota.
Ⅰ, Pampu mutu
Liwiro lenileni la mpope wosakanikirana wa axial wosakanikirana ndi 400 ~ 1600 (liwiro lapadera la mpope wa axial ndi 700 ~ 1600), (liwiro lodziwika bwino la mpope wosakanikirana ndi 400 ~ 800), ndi ambiri. mutu ndi 0 ~ 30.6m. Mutu wa mpope umapangidwa makamaka ndi nyanga yolowera m'madzi (malo owonjezera olowera m'madzi), magawo ozungulira, zida zachipinda chowongolera, thupi lowongolera, mpando wapampu, chigongono, mbali zapampu shaft, zida zonyamula, ndi zina. Mau oyamba pazigawo zazikulu:
1. Chigawo cha rotor ndi chigawo chapakati pamutu wa mpope. Amakhala masamba, rotor thupi, m'munsi Chikoka ndodo, kubala, crank mkono, chimango opaleshoni, kulumikiza ndodo ndi mbali zina. Pambuyo pa msonkhano wonse, kuyesa kwa static balance kumachitika. Pakati pawo, zida za tsamba ndi ZG0Cr13Ni4Mo (kuuma kwakukulu komanso kukana kwabwino kovala), ndipo makina a CNC amatengera. Zomwe zidatsalazo nthawi zambiri zimakhala ZG.
2. Zigawo za chipinda cha impeller zimatsegulidwa mophatikizana pakati, zomwe zimamangidwa ndi mabawuti ndikuyika ndi zikhomo za conical. Zinthuzo ndizofunika kwambiri ZG, ndipo mbali zina zimapangidwa ndi ZG + zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri (njira iyi ndi yovuta kupanga komanso sachedwa kuwonongeka kwa kuwotcherera, kotero iyenera kupewedwa momwe mungathere).
3. Kuwongolera vane thupi. Popeza mpope wosinthika mokwanira kwenikweni ndi pampu yapakatikati mpaka yayikulu-caliber, zovuta zoponya, mtengo wopanga ndi zina zimaganiziridwa. Nthawi zambiri, zinthu zomwe amakonda ndi ZG+Q235B. Chingwe chowongolera chimaponyedwa mu chidutswa chimodzi, ndipo flange ya chipolopolo ndi mbale yachitsulo ya Q235B. Awiriwo amawotchedwa ndiyeno amakonzedwa.
4. Pampu shaft: Pampu yosinthika bwino nthawi zambiri imakhala yobowoka yokhala ndi ma flange mbali zonse ziwiri. Zinthuzo zimapangidwira 45 + zomangira 30Cr13. Kuphimba pamadzi owongolera ndi kudzaza makamaka kumawonjezera kuuma kwake ndikuwongolera kukana kuvala.
Ⅱ. Chiyambi cha zigawo zikuluzikulu za owongolera
Masiku ano, chowongolera cha blade angle hydraulic regulator chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamsika. Zimakhala ndi magawo atatu: thupi lozungulira, chivundikiro, ndi bokosi lowonetsera dongosolo.
1. Thupi lozungulira: Thupi lozungulira limakhala ndi mpando wothandizira, silinda, thanki yamafuta, hydraulic power unit, angle sensor, slip ring ring, etc.
Thupi lonse lozungulira limayikidwa pa shaft yayikulu ya mota ndikuzungulira molumikizana ndi shaft. Imangiriridwa pamwamba pa shaft yayikulu ya mota kudzera pa flange yokwera.
Flange yokwera imalumikizidwa ndi mpando wothandizira.
Malo oyezera a sensa ya ngodya imayikidwa pakati pa ndodo ya pistoni ndi manja a ndodo ya tayi, ndipo sensa ya ngodya imayikidwa kunja kwa silinda yamafuta.
Mphete yamagetsi yamagetsi imayikidwa ndikukhazikika pachivundikiro cha thanki yamafuta, ndipo gawo lake lozungulira (rotor) limazungulira molumikizana ndi thupi lozungulira. Mapeto otuluka pa rotor amalumikizidwa ndi mphamvu ya hydraulic, sensor sensor, sensor kutentha, sensor angle, ndi switch switch; gawo la stator la mphete yamagetsi yolumikizira mphamvu imalumikizidwa ndi chotchingira choyimitsa pachivundikiro, ndipo cholumikizira cha stator chimalumikizidwa ndi terminal mu chivundikiro chowongolera;
Ndodo ya pistoni imangiriridwa ku ndodo yomangira pampu yamadzi.
Mphamvu ya hydraulic power unit ili mkati mwa thanki yamafuta, yomwe imapereka mphamvu zogwirira ntchito ya silinda yamafuta.
Pali mphete ziwiri zonyamulira zomwe zimayikidwa pa thanki yamafuta kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito pomwe chowongolera chakwezedwa.
2. Chophimba (chomwe chimatchedwanso thupi lokhazikika): Chimakhala ndi magawo atatu. Gawo limodzi ndi chophimba chakunja; gawo lachiwiri ndi chophimba chophimba; gawo lachitatu ndi zenera loyang'ana. Chophimba chakunja chimakhazikika pamwamba pa chivundikiro chakunja cha injini yayikulu ndikuphimba thupi lozungulira.
3. Control display system box (monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 3): Imakhala ndi PLC, touch screen, relay, contactor, magetsi a DC, knob, kuwala kwa chizindikiro, etc. Chojambula chojambula chikhoza kusonyeza mbali yamakono, nthawi, mafuta. kuthamanga ndi magawo ena. Dongosolo lowongolera lili ndi ntchito ziwiri: kuwongolera kwanuko komanso kuwongolera kutali. Njira ziwiri zowongolera zimasinthidwa kudzera pakona yamitundu iwiri pabokosi lowonetsera (lotchedwa "control display box", chimodzimodzi pansipa).
3. Kuyerekeza ndi kusankha kwa ma synchronous ndi asynchronous motors
A. Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa ma synchronous motors
Ubwino:
1. Kusiyana kwa mpweya pakati pa rotor ndi stator ndi kwakukulu, ndipo kukhazikitsa ndi kusintha ndizosavuta.
2. Opaleshoni yosalala ndi mphamvu yodzaza kwambiri.
3. Liwiro silisintha ndi katundu.
4. Kuchita bwino kwambiri.
5. Mphamvu yamagetsi imatha kupita patsogolo. Mphamvu zokhazikika zitha kuperekedwa ku gridi yamagetsi, potero kuwongolera mtundu wa gridi yamagetsi. Kuphatikiza apo, mphamvu ikasinthidwa kukhala 1 kapena pafupi nayo, kuwerenga pa ammeter kudzachepa chifukwa gawo lokhazikika lomwe lili pano likuchepetsedwa, zomwe sizingatheke kwa ma asynchronous motors.
Zoyipa:
1. Rotor iyenera kuyendetsedwa ndi chipangizo chodzipatulira chosangalatsa.
2. Mtengo wake ndi wokwera.
3. Kukonza kumakhala kovuta kwambiri.
B. Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa ma motors asynchronous
Ubwino:
1. Rotor sichiyenera kulumikizidwa ndi magwero ena amagetsi.
2. Kapangidwe kosavuta, kulemera kochepa, ndi mtengo wotsika.
3. Kukonza kosavuta.
Zoyipa:
1. Mphamvu zowonongeka ziyenera kutengedwa kuchokera ku gridi yamagetsi, zomwe zimawononga ubwino wa gridi yamagetsi.
2. Kusiyana kwa mpweya pakati pa rotor ndi stator ndi kakang'ono, ndipo kuyika ndi kusintha kumakhala kovuta.
C. Kusankhidwa kwa injini
Kusankhidwa kwa ma motors omwe ali ndi mphamvu zovotera 1000kW ndi liwiro la 300r / min kuyenera kutsimikiziridwa potengera luso ndi mafananidwe azachuma malinga ndi zochitika zenizeni.
1. M'makampani osungira madzi, mphamvu yoyikapo ili pansi pa 800kW, ma asynchronous motors amakondedwa. Mphamvu yoyikapo ikapitilira 800kW, ma motors osinthika amakondedwa.
2. Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa ma synchronous motors ndi ma asynchronous motors ndikuti pali phokoso lachisangalalo pa rotor, ndipo chithunzi cha thyristor excitation chiyenera kukhazikitsidwa.
3. dipatimenti yopereka mphamvu m'dziko langa imanena kuti mphamvu yamagetsi pamagetsi a wogwiritsa ntchito iyenera kufika pamwamba pa 0.90. Ma synchronous motors ali ndi mphamvu yayikulu ndipo amatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira zamagetsi; pomwe ma asynchronous motors ali ndi mphamvu yochepa ndipo sangathe kukwaniritsa zofunikira zamagetsi, ndipo kubwezeredwa kwamphamvu kumafunika. Chifukwa chake, malo opopera okhala ndi ma asynchronous motors nthawi zambiri amafunika kukhala ndi zowonera zolipirira mphamvu.
4. Mapangidwe a ma synchronous motors ndi ovuta kwambiri kuposa asynchronous motors. Pamene pulojekiti yopopera ikuyenera kuganizira za kupanga magetsi ndi kusintha kwa gawo, ma synchronous motors ayenera kusankhidwa.
Mapampu osakanikirana a axial osakanikirana bwinoamagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mayunitsi ofukula (ZLQ, HLQ, ZLQK), yopingasa (zotsatira) mayunitsi (ZWQ, ZXQ, ZGQ), ndipo angagwiritsidwenso ntchito mumagulu otsika kwambiri ndi aakulu-diameter LP.
Nthawi yotumiza: Oct-18-2024